血压的测量 ·诊所血压:标准测量方式。方便,常用 24小时动态血压:使用国际标准的装置 ·考虑:诊所血压变化大;与自测血压相差明显;低危者; 疑有治疗抵抗;研究需要 ·优点:与靶器官损害相关性更好;心血管危险预测强度更 高;记录对治疗反应更准确

A1 型 题（1071～1192） 1071．The proportion of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in the general populaton is： A．1％～8％ （易、记忆） B．7％～15％ C．14％～22％ D．21％～29％ E．28％～36％

一、 教学目的（掌握、熟悉、了解的具体内容等） 教学目的 - Objective （一）熟悉骨质疏松症的概念、分型及发病机制。 （二）掌握骨质疏松症的诊断、防治及药物治疗。 （三）了解骨质疏松症的流行病学与病因学

History and development of Endocrinology(1) Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted by the small intestine into the blood stream to stimulate pancreatic secretion. In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo- crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms for coordination and control of organ function. Thus, endocrinology found its first home in the discipline of mammalian physiology

hat is critical care medicine Multidisciplinary healthcare specialty cares for patients with acute, life- threatening illness or injury which including continuum of life support from the scene through discharge Coordinated care systems, analysis of treatment options, protocols, guidelines for the care of individual patients Monitoring and therapy Intensive care medicine in Europe

(一)掌握常见内分泌代谢疾病的主要诊断及治疗原则与方法。 (二)熟悉内分泌代谢系统的结构与功能特点,生理生化理论基础,激素作用的分子机制,内分泌系 统的调节功能。掌握内分泌系统各轴的反馈调节和内分泌疾病的病理生理特点

Introduction Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a variety of cells including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells of the airway, as well as cellular elements, which gives rise to the increase of airway hyper-reactivity. Extensive changeable and reversible ventilatior restriction is common and can cause recurrent tachypnea, feeling of out of breath, and coughing. The symptoms are more

心(血管)内膜(瓣膜)感染 急性(AIE):毒力强,病程短,中毒症状明显 亚急性(IE,SBE):毒力低,病程长 自体瓣膜感染: native valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜感染: prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE) 右心瓣膜感染性心内膜炎 right heart valve endocarditis: drug abuse,aids, catheterization

一、吸烟 二、大于80%的肺癌发病与吸烟有关 三、死亡相对危险度较不吸烟者高15-20倍 四、被动吸烟 五、25%的不吸烟者肺癌与其有关

功能性胃肠病 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder 功能性消化不良 Functional Dyspepsia 肠易激综合征 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS 抗生素相关性腹泻和伪膜性肠炎