DEFINITIONS AND INCIDENCE Acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome characterized by rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE

Effects of glucocorticoid Effects on metabolism Effects on immunologic function and inflammatory Effects on musculoskeletal and connective tissues Effects on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis Neuropsychiatric and behavioral effects Gastrointestinal effects Developmental effects

One pairofchromosome 21 was seen in peripheral lymphocytes of normal person 15

Introduction Growth and growth disorders Adrenal disorders and sexual development abnormalities Thvroid disorders Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia Other disorders: obesity, autoimune endocrinopathies, tumor, inborn metabolic

Introduction Growth and growth disorders Adrenal disorders and sexual development abnormalities Thyroid disorders Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia Other disorders: obesity, autoimune

1. What is Pathology: （1) Scientific study of diseas Causes (etiology) mechanisms (pathogenesis) （ 2)Investigation manifestaticn morphology of progress

1. Prologue 2. Fundamental Concept 3. Linear Resistive Networks 4. Dependent Sources 5. Operational Amplifiers

Introduction GHD is a disorder involves the pituitary gland Pituitary gland does not produce enough GH Growth velocity is slower than normal GHD can occur at any age

Introduction GHD is a disorder involves the pituitary gland Pituitary gland does not produce enough gh Growth velocity is slower than normal GHD can occur at any age