21.1 Introduction 21.2 Response elements identify genes under common regulation 21.3 There are many types of DNA-binding domains 21.4 A zinc finger motif is a DNA-binding domain 21.5 Steroid receptors are transcription factors 21.6 Steroid receptors have zinc fingers 21.7 Binding to the response element is activated by ligand-binding 21.8 Steroid receptors recognize response elements by a combinatorial code

20.1 Introduction 20.2 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases consist of many subunits 20.3 Promoter elements are defined by mutations and footprinting 20.4 RNA polymerase I has a bipartite promoter 20.5 RNA polymerase III uses both downstream and upstream promoters 20.6 The startpoint for RNA polymerase II 20.7 TBP is a universal factor 20.8 TBP binds DNA in an unusual way

核酸的结构与功能-核酸的化学组成 核酸的结构与功能 The Structure and Function of Nucleic Acic 1868年,瑞士的内科医生 Friedrich Miescher从外科医院包扎伤口的绷带上的脓 细胞核中提取到一种富含磷元素的酸性化合物,将其称为核质(nuclein);后来 他又从鲭鱼精子中分离出类似的物质,并指出它是由一种碱性蛋白质与一种酸 性物质组成的,此酸性物质即是现在所知的核酸(nucleic acid)1944年 Oswalo Avery, Colin Macleod和 Maclyn McCarty发现,一种有夹膜

利用Powerpoint、Flash、Chem Draw 等软件制 作与文字教材配套的电子教案，利用色彩、图片、动 画、媒体文件等多种形式生动表现了教学中的不同内 容。有以下特点： 1.设置多步动画，内容随着讲解的进行而由教师 点击出现，避免过多不相关内容同时出现而分散学生 注意力

▪ 真核基因结构与转录活性 ▪ 真核基因表达特点 ▪ DNA水平的调控 ▪ 转录水平的调控:顺式作用元件和反式作用 因子 ▪ 其他水平的调控:mRNA的加工、mRNA的 翻译、蛋白质加工修饰

13.1 Introduction 13.2 DNA polymerases are the enzymes that make DNA 13.3 DNA synthesis is semidiscontinuous 13.4 Coordinating synthesis of the lagging and leading strands 13.5 The replication apparatus of phage T4 13.6 Creating the replication forks at an origin 13.7 Common events in priming replication at the origin 13.8 Does methylation at the origin regulate initiation? 13.9 Licensing factor controls eukaryotic rereplication

● 基本概念 ● 转录起始： RNA聚合酶、启动子 ● 转录的基本过程 ● 转录后加工 ● 原核生物与真核生物mRNA的特征比较 ● RNA合成与DNA合成异同点

1. If you were to mix the bases of dNa with water, would you expect them to form co-planar hydrogen bonds, or stack on top of each other. What about in an organ ic solvent such as DMso (Hint, the answer is different in each case). Justify your answer

Staudinger(施陶丁格):高分子科学的奠基人 一、1920年发表论文“聚合反应”(德国化学会通讯) 二、1930年高分子学说逐渐被接受 三、突破有机化学的传统观念,首先提出了高分子观念

第五节 翻译后的加工 第六节 蛋白质的转运 转运途径 翻译-转运同步 翻译后转运 细菌蛋白转运