1. General 2. Forms of Birth Defects 3.The cause of birth defects 4. When a baby most vulnerable 5. How detected in advance 6. Spina Bifida 7. Congenital heart defects

1.解释下列名词:半保留复制、DNA的自体催化和异体催化、转录、转译、密码子、反密码 子、起始密码、终止密码、顺反子、突变子重组子、遗传工程、无义密码、兼并、多核 糖体(多体)

1. General 2. Etiology 3. Symptoms and Signs 4. Diagnosis

1. Down syndrome 2. Trisomy 18 3. Patau syndrome 4. cri du cat syndrome 5. Klinefelter syndrome 6. Turner syndrome

1. Biochemical & Genetic abnormalities 2. The Symptoms of Mitochondrial Disease 3. LHON 4. MERRF 5. MELAS 6. Kearns-Sayre Syndrome 7.Mitochondrial Disease Treatment 8. The Prognosis 9. Future Goals

一、重组DNA技术 二、分子杂交技术 三、PCR技术及应用

1. molecular disease 2. inborn errors of metabolism

1. factors inducing chromosome aberration 2. chromosomal aberrations

1. chromatin 2.Chomosome 3. Sex chromosome and sex-determination 4. chromosomal polymorphism 5. An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature

1. Variability and Gene (or Allelic) Frequencies 2. The Hardy-Weinberg Law 3. Factors that Affect Stability of Gene Frequencies