Thus far we have discussed mechanical loading and the stresses and strains caused by that We noted, however, that the environment can have an effect on the behavior of materials and structures. Let's first consider:

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一、概述 表面分析技术(Surface Analysis)是对材料外层(the Outer-Most- Layers of Materials(<100A)的研究的 技术。包括:

which generalizes to the statement. This reduces the number of material constants from 81 to 54. In a similar fashion we can make use of the symmetry of the strain tensor This further reduces the number of material constants to 36. To further reduce the number of material constants consider the conclusion from the first law for elastic materials, equation

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The following stress-strain curves were obtained for dif- ferent materials subjecting the specimen to the loading path(a, b, c, d ). Which one(s) of them correspond to elas- tic material(s)