Intermediate Accounting 8 Property, Plant And Equipment I. Classification as property, plant and equipment To be included in the property, plant, and equipment category, an asset must have three characteristics:

There is generally a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the future benefits that may be derived. Their value is subject to wider fluctuations because it may depend to a considerable extent on competitive conditions

1. Conceptual Overview of Liabilities Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a company to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events

1. Reasons for Issuance of Long￾Term Liabilities Debt financing may be the only availablesource of funds. Debt financing may have a lower cost. Debt financing offers an income taxadvantage. The voting privilege is not shared. Debt financing offers the opportunity forleverage

information needs. Questions will be raised as to examples of external users and internal users and their different information needs. Then differences of financial accounting and managerial accounting will be discussed. Financial accounting is the information accumulation, processing, and communication system designed to satisfy the investment and credit decision-making information

Course Nature This course is designed for undergraduate students majoring in accounting and auditing. It is arranged in the fourth or fifth semester. It is aimed to enhance students’ ability both in western accounting knowledge and professional English, and to improve competitive for their job

一、会计的一般意义 1.从社会再生产过程来看，会计管理是 生产过程本身所提出来的客观要求；因此， 它是管理生产经营过程，提高经济效益的 重要手段。 2.会计管理是社会主义经济管理的重要 组成部分，它对于促进国民经济协调发展， 加强宏观调控和监督，优化资源的合理配 置，提高综合国力等方面具有重要的作用

1. Conceptual overview and uses of the Statement of Cash Flows Intermediate Accounting 5 The Statement of Cash Flows A statement of cash flows is a financial statement of a company that shows the cash inflows, cash outflows, and net change in cash from its operating, investing, and financing activities during an accounting period, in a manner that reconciles the company's beginning and ending cash balances

本章主要介绍会计循环的基本步骤,会计恒等式, 会计科目与账户的概念、内容,借贷记账法及其账户结 构,会计分录的编制,会计凭证的概念、作用、类型及 其填制

通过本章学习,掌握会计账簿的概念, 作用及登记方法;试算平衡的方法;账项调整的原理与方法;账目结算的概念与方法;熟悉工作底稿的编制与运用