F= = F + “ = ” + 2 Axiom Schemata Axiom Schema 6 x = x. Axiom Schema 7 x = y ⊃ (SzxA ⊃ SzyA) where A is an atomic wff. A first order theory is a first-order theory with equality if it has a binary predicate = such that the wffs above are theorem of the theory

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and d),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the

Substitutivity of Equivalence Let A,M and N be wffs and let AMN be the result of replacing M by N at zero or more occurrences (henceforth called designate occurrences) of M in A. 1. AMN is a wff. 2. If |= M ≡ N then |= A ≡ AMN

Some Properties 1. ∆n is consistent. 2. Γ ⊆ ∆n ⊆ ∆n+1 ⊆ ∆Γ 3. ∆Γ is complete. 4. If ∆Γ ` A then there exists n ∈ N such that ∆n ` A. 5. A ∈ ∆Γ iff ∆Γ ` A 6. ∆Γ is consistent

1.(每题2分,共10分)判断题(若正确,则在题前的括号中打√;否则,打): (a)()若合式公式A是永真式当且仅当合式公式B是永真式,则AB是永真式。 (b)()若合式公式A是可满足的,则~A是不可满足的。 (c)()v((,x)y~(,y)是可满足的 (d)()设P是一个由P系统增加单个合式公式pq作为公理所得到的系统,则P是协调的

Part Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center

Stressed Words & Unstressed Words in a Sentence What is a syllable? A word part and the basic unit of English rhythm What is a stressed syllable? ba NAAAA na

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),),) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center