The voltage follower is a circuit in which the output is identical to the input

The operational amplifier (hereafter OP-AMP)is developed in the 1940s primarily for use in analog computers, made cheaply and readily available in the late 1960s through integrated-circuit technology. The actual construction of a modern OP-AMP is indeed very complex, involving many transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors

One of the main uses of Thevenin's and Norton's theorems is the replacement of a large part of network very simple equivalent

Mesh analysis is applicable only to those networks, which are planar. If it is possible to draw the diagram of a circuit on a plane surface in such a way that no branch passes over or under any other branch, then that circuit is said to be planar circuit. (Non-planar-circuit

The voltage division The current division

Any given arm of the Y network is found by taking the product of the two adjacent arms of the network and dividing by the sum of the network arms

A point at which two or more elements have common connection is called node(节点). Suppose that we start at one node in a network and move through a simple element to the node at the other..., if no node was encountered more than once, then the set of nodes and elements that we have passed hrough is defined as path(路径)

81-1 Introduction 1 Circuit models(模型) The voltage source Two active(有源) models The current source The resistor Three passive无源) models The inductor The capacitor

第一章 绪论 第二章 水和废水监测 第三章 大气和废气监测 第四章 固体废物监测 第五章 土壤污染监测 第六章 生物污染监测 第七章 噪声污染监测 第八章 环境放射性监测 第九章 监测过程的质量保证 第十章 连续自动监测技术与简易监测方法

本章介绍运算放大器的电路模型;运算放大器在理想化条件下的外部特性;以及含有运算放大器的电阻电路的分析;另外介绍一些典型电路