《有机化学》课程教学资源（参考文献）E2反应中的反式共平面构象

ADDITION TO THE CARBONYL GROUP Idehydes and ketones contain an acyl group RC-bonded either to hydrogen or to another carbon

the preceding chapter the special stability of benzene was described, along with reac- tions in which an aromatic ring was present as a substituent. In the present chapter we move from considering the aromatic ring as a substituent to studying it as a functional

N ow that we're familiar with the structure and preparation of alkenes, let's look at their chemical reactions. The characteristic reaction of alkenes is addition to the double bond according to the general equation:

this chapter and the next we extend our coverage of conjugated systems to include arenes. Arenes are hydrocarbons based on the benzene ring as a structural unit. Ben- are zene, toluene, and naphthalene, for example, are arenes

he next several chapters deal with the chemistry of various oxygen-containing functional groups. The interplay of these important classes of compounds-alco- hols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and derivatives of carboxylic acids-is fundamental to organic chemistry and biochemistry

A-6.(a) has only sp-hybridized carbon atoms has only sp-hybridized carbon atoms N Bra has only one sp-hybridized carbon atom A-7 A-8. A-9.(a)

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 3.1 (b) The sawhorse formula contains four carbon atoms in an unbranched chain. The compound is butane, CH:CH,CH, CH3 CH3 HH H-H CH ()Rewrite the structure to show its constitution. The compound is

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 5.1 (b) Writing the structure in more detail, we see that the longest continuous chain contains four carbon atoms

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 9.1 The reaction is an acid-base process; water is the proton donor. Two separate proton-transfer steps are involved