Biological Features Structure and chemical composition Developmental cycle Staining properties Antigens Growth and metabolism Characteristics of host-parasite- relationship Classification

What does a pathogen have to do? Infect (infest) a host Reproduce(replicate) itself Ensure that its progeny are transmitted to another host

Medical Virology Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai, China. E.mail:(xkguoshsmu.edu.cn)

Spirochetes Gram negative Long, thin, helical, motile axial filaments locomotion between peptidoglycan layer/outer membrane runs parallel

传热过程的基本问题 1)载热体用量的确定; (2)设计新的换热器; 解决这些问题需要

一、研究传热问题的意义?想流体 典型的传热问题

Mycoplasmas a group of the smallest organisms that can be free living in nature, Pass bacterial filter and also grow on laboratory media. More than 80 species, belong to Mycoplasmatales of mollicute. 3 families can be divided:

Campylobacter Among the most widespread cause of infection in the world Cause both diarrheal and systemic diseases Campylobacter jejuni

Biological Features Aerobic, Gram, noncapsulated, rods Gray-black colonies on tellurite亚碲酸盐 medium o Metachromatic granules Chinese-letter morphology in Gram stain

Actinomyces Israelii Anaeslundii a Gram positive sulfur granule; Related to decay tooth and peridentitis