Vitamins are organic chemicals required by the body in trace amounts but which cannot be synthesized by the body. The vitamins required for growth and maintenance of health differ between species; compounds regarded as vitamins for one species may be synthesized at adequate rates by other species. For example, only primates and the guinea-pig require ascorbic acid (vitamin C; section 6.4) from their diet; other species possess the enzyme gluconolactone oxidase which is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin C from D-glucose or D-galactose

4.7.I Occurrence and microheterogeneity B-Lactoglobulin is a major protein in bovine milk, representing about 50% of total whey protein and 12% of the total protein of milk. It was among the first proteins to be crystallized, and since crystallizability was long considered to be a good criterion of homogeneity, B-Ig, which is a typical

The milks of all mammals contain lipids but the concentration varies widely between species from c. 2% to greater than 50%(Table 3. 1). The principal function of dietary lipids is to serve as a source of energy for the neonate and the fat content in milk largely reflects the energy requirements of the species, e.g. land animals indigenous to cold environments and marine

Lactose is the principal carbohydrate in the milks of all mammals; non mammalian sources are very rare. Milk contains only trace amounts of other sugars, including glucose(50 mg\), fructose, glucosamine, galac- tosamine, neuraminic acid and neutral and acidic oligosaccharides The concentration of lactose in milk varies widely between species(Table 2.1). The lactose content of cows'milk varies with the breed of cow

Milk is a fluid secreted by the female of all mamalian species, of which there are more than 4000, for the primary function of meeting the complete nutritional requirements of the neonate of the species. In addition, milk serves several physiological functions for the neonate. Most of the non- nutritional functions of milk are served by proteins and peptides which

本课程是为学生了解和学习计算机在生物工程领域中应用知识而开设的技术基础课。 学生通过本课程的学习,了解计算机在生物工程领域的应用现况及前沿发展,初步掌握 基本的几大类计算机应用技术与方法,为今后更好地处理和解决相关技术问题打好基础

本课程的目的是,通过本课程的学习,使学生对生物工程相关药物的研制原理、生产工 艺及分离纯化技术有全面的认识与掌握

核酸 核酸是生物遗传信息的载体，分脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)和核糖核酸(RNA)两大类，所有的细胞 都同时含有这两类核酸。DNA 主要集中在细胞核内，占细胞干重的 5~15%，但线粒体、叶绿体中也有 少量 DNA。RNA 主要分布于细胞质中

一、 高能磷酸化合物—高能磷酸化合物的类型，ATP的特殊作用，磷酸肌酸和磷酸精氨酸的贮能作用。 二、呼吸链—呼吸链的概念，呼吸链电子传递的顺序，电子传递抑制剂，呼吸链的多型性。 三、 氧化磷酸化作用—磷酸化的部位，解偶联作用，氧化磷酸化作用的机理

人体是一个完整而不可分割的有机整体，其结构和功能的基本单位是细胞。细胞之间存在一些不具细胞形 态的物质，称为细胞间质。许多形态和功能相似的细胞与细胞间质共同构成组织而行使特定的生理功能。人体 组织是构成人体各器官和系统的基础，分为上皮组织、结缔组织、肌组织和神经组织四种基本组织。由几种组 织互相结合，成为具有一定形态和功能的结构，称为器官，如胃、肝、肺、肾等。在结构和功能上密切相关的