susceptible host, a series of coordinated events must rcumvent both innate and adaptive immunity. One of the first and most important features of host innate immunity is the barrier provided by the epithelial surfaces of the skin and the lining of the gut. The difficulty of penetrat- ing these epithelial barriers ensures that most pathogens never gain productive entry into the host. In addition to pro viding a physical barrier to infection, the epithelia also pro duce chemicals that are useful in

part of the body to another. This is espe- ially true of lymphocytes, which circulate ly in the blood and lymph and, in common with at sites o Lymphocytes Attached to the Surface of a High-Endothelial Venule sLymphocyte Recirculation Cell-Adhesion Molecules Neutrophil Extravasation Lymphocyte Extravasation Chemokines-Key Mediators of Inflammation Other Mediators of Inflammation The Inflammatory Process

body. These organs can be classified functionally nto two main groups. The primary lymphoid organs provide appropriate microenvironments for the development and maturation of lymphocytes. The secondary lymphoid organs rap antigen from defined tissues or vascular spaces and are sites where mature lymphocytes can interact effectively with that antigen. Blood vessels and lymphatic systems connect these organs, uniting them into a functional whole Carried within the blood and lymph and populating the Macrophage Interacting with

of the humoral branch of the immune system Research on complement began in the 1890s, when Jules bordet at the institut pasteur in paris showed that sheep antiserum to the bacterium vibrio cholerae caused lysis of the bacteria and that heating the antiserum destroyed its bacteriolytic activity. Surprisingly, the ability to lyse the bacteria was restored to the heated serum by adding fresh serum that contained no antibodies directed a The Functions of Complement

是发生于组织膜结构和细胞膜上的抗原抗 体反应。其结果导致细胞和组织的破坏,故 又称细胞毒或细胞溶解型超敏反应。 一、发生机制

第一节 人白细胞分化抗原 第二节 黏附分子 第三节 CD分子和黏附分子及其单克隆抗体的临床应用 阐明发病机制 在疾病诊断中的应用 在疾病预防和治疗中的应用

1.掌握SLE累及多系统多脏器损害的临床表现、实验室检査及血淸免疫学检测临 床意义。 2.熟悉SLE的诊断依据、治疗原则。 3.了解SLE疾病的特点、诱发因素及病理学特征

一、免疫器官 1、中枢免疫器官(一级免疫器官): 提供免疫活性细胞 并控制机体的免疫反应 组成: 骨髓、胸腺、腔上襄及襄的类同组织

一、概述 (一)组成:淋巴器官、淋巴组织、免疫细胞、免疫活性分子 (二)功能:免疫防御、免疫监视、免疫稳定 二、免疫细胞 (一)淋巴细胞

一、免疫器官 1、中枢免疫器官(一级免疫器官): 提供免疫活性细胞