教学目的：按大纲要求掌握各系统常见疾病和重点疾病的发病机理、临床表现、诊断和处 理原则。结合诊断学时学习的症状、体征、实验室检查的意义，加深对疾病重要特征的认识 和理解，以及疾病间的鉴别诊断要点。进一步熟练全身体格检查

1891．红细胞平均生存时间约为（易，记忆） A．100 天 B．110 天 C．120 天 D．90 天 E．130 天

1071．The proportion of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in the general populaton is： A．1％～8％ （易、记忆） B．7％～15％ C．14％～22％ D．21％～29％ E．28％～36％

451．Cardiac contractility is influcenced by（ ）：（记忆，难） Ａ preload Ｂ afterload Ｃ heart rate Ｄ cardiac rhythm Ｅ all above is correct

2211.下列哪项试验可以帮助诊断下丘脑功能紊乱？（中，理解） A.TSH 兴奋试验 B.胰岛素耐量试验 C.钠-钾平衡试验 D.可乐宁试验 E.ACTH 兴奋试验

Endocrinology (1) Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted by the small intestine into the blood stream to stimulate pancreatic secretion. In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo￾crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms for coordination and control of organ function

Contents Normal anatomy,physiology and metabolism of the kidney Clinical manifestation of renal disease Diagnosis and treatment

Classification Prerenal ARF Intrinsic renal ARF Postrenal ARF

Anemia of increased destruction Normochromic, normochromic anemia Shortened RBC survival Reticulocytosis--Response to increased RBC destruction Increased indirect bilirubin Increased LDH

Definition Absent iron-store hemoglobin synthesis↓ A microcytic and hypochromic anemia The most common nutritional anemia