9.1 醛 酮的结构 命名和物理性质 Structure, Nomenclature and Physical Properties 9.2 醛酮的制备 Preparations

10.1A Production of Radicals 10.2A Homolytic Bond Dissociation Energies and Heats of Reaction

11.15A Ethers by Intermolecular Dehydration of Alcohols

Acid-Catalyzed hydration of Alkenes Oxymercuration-Demeruration Hydroboration-Oxidation

No addition of bromine No oxidation No hydroation Slow addition at high temperature and pressure

Many other pairs of reagents that form cabocations (orcarbocationlike species) may be used as well

If a chiral atom attached to the carbonyl group, the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition follows the Cram’s rule

17.7 Lithium Enolates 17.8 α-Selenation: A Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 17.9 Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

Substitution reactions occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products. In a substitution, one replaces another

Infrared Spectroscopy: An Instrumental Method for detecting Functional Groups