4,1水处理工艺流程概论 1,水处理工艺流程的概念 由于单一的水处理单元方法是难以满足要求,所以将多种基本单元过程互相配合,组成一个水处理工艺过程,称为水处理工艺流程。 选择水处理流程的基本出发点是: (1)以较低的成本、安全稳定的运行过程; (2)获得满足水质要求的水; (3)水处理设施所在的地区气候、地形地质、技术经济条件的差异,也会影响到水处理工艺流程的选择

第一节固体废弃物类型、来源和性质 如同污水和废气那样,固体废弃物主要产生于人类的生产和生活,即人类在从事工 农业生产以及交通和商业等活动中,一方面生产出有用的工农业产品的同时有一部分资 源未被有效利用而作为固体废物加入环境,如采矿业未被利用的尾矿、大米加工中未被 利用的稻壳、肉联厂排放的动物皮毛、宾馆和饭店废弃的泔脚等:另一方面,许多物品 和材料被人使用后因为破、旧或超过使用年限而被废弃,如饮料瓶罐、破旧衣以及使用 定年数后的建筑物也会变成固体垃圾

地球是人类唯一最理想、最优越的生存发展基地,这里有肥沃的土地、充足的水源、适 宜的气候、温暖的阳光、茂密的森林、美丽 的草原、辽阔的海洋、秀丽的风景、丰富的能源和无数地下宝藏。总之,在地球之上有人类赖以生存发展所必需的一切优良条件和理想的自然环境。人类自从诞生以来,是靠 地球“母亲”“乳汁”的养育,才得以繁衍 到今天

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid waste-wastewater is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety of applications. From the standpoint of sources of generation, wastewater may be defined as a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes removed from residences. institutions and commercial and industrial establishments together with such groundwater

An understanding of the nature of wastewater is essential in the design and operation of collection, treatment, and reuse facilities, and in the engineering management of environmental quality. To promote this understanding, the information in this chapter is presented in eight sections dealing with (1)an introduction to the constituents found in wastewater, (2)sampling and analytical procedures, (3) physical characteristics, (4)inorganic nonmetallic constituents, (5) metallic constituents

Determining wastewater flowrates and constituent mass loadings is a fundamental step in initiating the conceptual process design of wastewater treatment facilities. Reliable data for existing and projected flowrates affect the hydraulic characteristics, sizing, and operational considerations of the treatment system components. Constituent mass loading, the product of constituent concentration and flowrate

Operations used for the treatment of wastewater in which change is brought about by means of or through the application of physical forces are known as physical unit operations. Because physical unit operations were derived originally from observations of the physical world. they were the first treatment methods to be used. Today, physical unit operations, as shown on Fig. 5-1, are a major part of most wastewater

The constituents of concern found in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical, and biological methods. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit ds in which the application of physical forces ohysical unit operations include pr T3clarifiers

Solid wastes comprise all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. The term solid waste as used in this text is all-inclusive, encompassing the heterogeneous mass of throwaways from the urban community as well as the more homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial, and mineral wastes. This book is focused on the urban setting, where the accumulation of solid wastes is a direct consequence of life

The control of particulates and VOCs is mostly accomplished by physical processes (cyclones, ESPs, filters, leakage control, vapor capture, condensation) that do not involve changing the chemical nature of the pollutant. Some particles and VOCs are chemically changed into harmless materials by combustion. This chapter and the next concern pollutants--sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides that cannot be economically collected by physical means nor rendered harmless by combustion. Their control is largely chemical rather than physical. For this reason, these two chapters are more chemically oriented than the rest of the book