教学任务及要求: 了解发音器官:主要介绍起积极作用的发音器官和部位: 唇(上唇、下唇、下唇内沿)、舌(舌尖、舌前部、舌中 部、舌后部)、鼻腔等 俄语语音概述 元音[a,y,,,3]及辅音[M,n,中,H,T,k]的发音

第1节语音的发展 第2节语法的发展 第3节词汇和词义的发展

Part 1 The importance of phonetic study 1)Phonetics is the science of speech sounds. It deals with the sound system of a language. A language consists of three important elements, namely, speech sounds, vocabulary and grammar. Speech sound is the material form on which word and grammar rely for existence. Divorced from speech sound, word and grammar are non-existent. So the first

Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. They are nearly always joined together to form words and groups of words. In connected speech, sounds, under the influence of their neighbors,are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by third sound which is different from both the original sounds

The length of a sound is the length of time during which it is held on continuously in a given word or phrase. The principal facts concerning length in English are given in the following rules: 203. Length of vowels 1. English vowels /i:/, /a: / /:/, /u:/, /a: /are longer than the other English vowels in similar context, i.e., when surrounded by the same sounds, and pronounced with the same degree of stress. Thus

We have seen that every word of two or more syllables, when said alone, has a stress on one of its syllables. This is called word-stress. But in connected speech we do not hear a stress on every word. Some words lose their stresses, especially when we talk quickly, other words keep their stresses and these stressed syllables form what is called sentence-stress

When we talk, we don't talk in single words but in groups of words spoken continuously. These groups of words which are closely connected in meaning and in grammar are called sense groups. sense group is tone-group-(语调群) in intonation. long sentence can be cut up into two or more tone-groups We may make a short pause after each group, but not during the group

The importance of phonetic study 1) Phonetics is the science of speech sounds. It deals with the sound system of a language. A language consists of three important elements, namely, speech sounds, vocabulary and grammar. Speech

随着大规模集成电路和计算机技术的飞速发展,数字信号处理(DSP)技术已经渗 透到几乎各个领域,包括计算机语音学、计算机视觉、计算机多媒体技术、超文本 数据传输等各个领域,而用于进行数字信号处理的专用DSP芯片的性能价格比也在 惊人地增加。目前DSP的主要生产厂家有 Analog Devices,inc.公司、 Texas Instruments 公司、AT&T、 Motorala公司、NEC公司等,而笔者认为在诸多DSP生产厂家中, TI公司和ADI公司是比较突出的,他们将以其产品的独特性而成为DSP芯片市场 的主要领导者之一

一、连续信源的熵和互信息 二、信息率失真理论 三、标量量化编码 四、矢量量化编码 五、语音压缩编码 六、图象压缩编码