实荆州职院：《用英语语音学》（英文版） Chapter 2 Assimilation and Elision

Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. They are nearly always joined together to form words and groups of words. In connected speech, sounds, under the influence of their neighbors,are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by third sound which is different from both the original sounds.

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Chapter 2 Assimilation and elision A. Assimilation Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. They are nearly al ways joined together to form words and groups of words. In connected speech, sounds, under the influence of their neighbors, are eplaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both the original sounds. This process is called assimilation Assimilation is very common in colloquial and dialectal English. It takes place most frequently in consonant. The cause of the process is to save effort and to make the pronunciation of the two dissimilar consonants easier by taking short cuts Assimilation may be of 3 types as far as its direction is concerned 1)Progressive(Uia1), the assimilated sound is influenced by the preceding sound. For example What's this? /wots 'ois/ The consonant sound /z/ is replaced by the sound /s/ under the influence of sound /t/ assimilation of type I the strong voiceless consonant of a pair replaces the weak voiced consonant in the closely connected speech, but do not make it a general rule to replace the weak voiced consonant by the strong voiceless in other cases. And you must remember that a voiceless plosive or fricative(#FN E) is not assimilated to a voiced plosive or fricative which follows it not very /not veri/not /nod veri/ black door/black d: /not/blaeg d: this boy /ois b)i/not /oiz b)i/ if they come /if dei kAm/ not /iv dei kAm/ 2)Regressive(iga1), the preceding sound is influenced by the one following it. For example the voiced consonant /z/ in"news"/nju z/ is replaced by the voiceless sound /s/ in the compound word"newspaper"/nju speipa/ under the influence of the voiceless sound /p/ 3) Reciprocal, or double(相互同化), assimilation the neighboring sounds influence each other. For example, in "twenty/twente/the sound /w/ is assimilated to the voiceless plosive sound /t/by becoming partly devoiced. In its turn, the consonant /t/ is assimilated to the sound /w/by becoming labialized The following assimilations are common in English . Assimilation changing the work of vocal cords(s F) /itsi. zi/ has /hae/ What's happened?/wots haepnd/ used /ju Zd/ I used to / ai ju st tu/ 2. Assimilation changing the position of the li Before the bilabial sounds/m, p, b/, /n, t, d/ change to/m, p, b/ respectively. For example in bed im 'bed/ ten minutes /tem minits/ don't/d。unt dont be late. /'daump bi leit

Chapter 2 Assimilation and Elision A. Assimilation Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. They are nearly always joined together to form words and groups of words. In connected speech, sounds, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both the original sounds. This process is called assimilation. Assimilation is very common in colloquial and dialectal English. It takes place most frequently in consonant. The cause of the process is to save effort and to make the pronunciation of the two dissimilar consonants easier by taking short cuts. Assimilation may be of 3 types as far as its direction is concerned: 1)Progressive(顺同化), the assimilated sound is influenced by the preceding sound. For example: What’s this? /'wɔts 'ðis/ The consonant sound /z/ is replaced by the sound /s/ under the influence of sound /t/ In assimilation of type 1 the strong voiceless consonant of a pair replaces the weak voiced consonant in the closely connected speech, but do not make it a general rule to replace the weak voiced consonant by the strong voiceless in other cases. And you must remember that a voiceless plosive or fricative(摩擦音) is not assimilated to a voiced plosive or fricative which follows it. Examples: not very /nɔt veri/ not /nɔd veri/ black door/blæk dɔ:/ not /blæg dɔ:/ this boy /ðis bɔi/ not /ðiz bɔi/ if they come /if ðei kΛm/ not /iv ðei kΛm/ 2) Regressive(逆同化)，the preceding sound is influenced by the one following it. For example, the voiced consonant /z/ in “news”/nju:z/ is replaced by the voiceless sound /s/ in the compound word “newspaper”/nju:speipә/ under the influence of the voiceless sound /p/. 3) Reciprocal, or double(相互同化)，assimilation the neighboring sounds influence each other. For example, in “twenty”/twenti/ the sound /w/ is assimilated to the voiceless plosive sound /t/ by becoming partly devoiced. In its turn, the consonant /t/ is assimilated to the sound /w/ by becoming labialized. The following assimilations are common in English: 1.Assimilation changing the work of vocal cords(声带) /z/→ /s/ is /iz/ It’s easy. /its 'i:zi/ has /hæz/ What’s happened? /'wɔts 'hæpnd/ used /ju:zd/ I used to. /ai 'ju:st tu/ 2. Assimilation changing the position of the lips: Before the bilabial sounds /m,p,b/, /n,t,d/ change to /m,p,b/ respectively. For example: in /in/ in bed /im 'bed/ ten /ten/ ten minutes /'tem 'minits/ don’t /dәunt/ don’t be late. /'dәump bi 'leit/

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