Simultaneous Equation Models Example(供给—需求模型) Demanding equation: Supplying equation:

2.1 1、Statistical or random experiment 2、Sample space or population Sample point, event 2.2 Stochastic or random variable (r. v.) 2.3 Probability 2.4 R.V. and probability density function

Classical Multiple linear regression model (CMLRM): 1. model 2. random sample

1. Recall the assumption for the CMLRM: (Homoskedasticity) 2. Counterexamples 1、rich family and poor family expenditures; 2、large company and small company sales. There exists heteroskedasticity in lots of econometric problems

1.何谓 Multicollinearity =Xb+a One of the conditions for ols: Tadde+k12

1. Single equation estimation procedures Indirect least squares(ILS)(恰好识别) Two- -stage least squares(2SLS)(过度识别) 2. System estimation procedures Three-stage- least squares(sLS)(跨方程相 关) In1962 Theil and Zellner first proposed this method. 2SLS+GLS= 3SLS (gls=generalized least squares)

2.1 有关误差的一些基本概念 2.2 随机误差的分布 2.3 有限数据的统计处理 2.4 测定方法的选择与测定准确度的提高 2.5 有效数字

北京大学：《分析化学 Analytical Chemistry》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第三章 酸碱平衡与酸碱滴定法（3.2-3.4）

4.1 概述 4.2 络合平衡

4.4 混合离子的选择性滴定 4.5 络合滴定的方式和应用