相律 Phase Rules Phase diagrams are extremely useful for systems with multiple components, and serve to describe physical and chemical equilibria over range of different compositions, as well as points where substances are mutually miscible, or even when a system has to be brought to a specific set of conditions for equilbrium to exist(e.g., pressure
简单混合物 Simple mixtures偏摩尔体积 Partial molar VolumeⅤ≠V1+Ⅴ2Partial molar volume of substance a in a mixture is the change involume per mole of a added to the large volume of the mixture