人体液循环系统分为心血管系统和淋巴系统两部分(图 9-13)。 心血管系统由心、动脉、静脉和毛细血管组成，其中有血液流动。心有节律性地舒缩，是血液循环的动力， 它将血液射入动脉，最后流经周身的毛细血管网，再经各级静脉流回心。淋巴系统由淋巴管道、淋巴器官和淋 巴组织组成。在淋巴管道内含有流动的淋巴，最后由淋巴导管流入静脉中，因此淋巴系统是静脉管道的辅助结 构(图 9-14)

人体疾病是细胞病变的综合反映，而细胞病变则是细胞在致病因 素的作用下，组成细胞的若干分子相互作用的结果。生物因素、理化 因素和遗传因素都可能通过各种途径影响到细胞内的成分，从而导致 细胞病变。在以遗传因素作为病因的疾病中，基因突变改变了该基因 所编码的多肽链的数量和质量；

武汉大学生命科学学院：《分子生物学》（英文版）Intro 课程特点与目标 Mission & Goal

Part I: Chemistry and Genetics Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Part III: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

1.DNA Structure 2.DNA Topology 3.RNA Structure

Part I: Chemistry and Genetics Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Part III: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

TOPIC 1 Principles of Transcriptional Regulation [watch the animation] TOPIC 2 Regulation of Transcription Initiation: Examples from Bacteria (Lac operon, alternative s factors, NtrC,MerR, Gal rep, araBAD operon) TOPIC 3 Examples of Gene Regulation after Transcription Initiation (Trp operon) TOPIC 4 The Case of Phage λ: Layers of Regulation

◼ What are the main challenges of translation and how do organisms overcome them? ◼ What is the organization of nucleotide sequence information in mRNA? ◼ What is the structure of tRNAs, and how do aminoacyl tRNA synthetases recognize and attach the correct amino acids to each tRNA? ◼ How does the ribosome orchestrate the translation process?

1. RNA polymerase and transcription cycle 2. The transcription cycle in bacteria 3. Transcription in eukaryotes •Molecular Biology Course

◼ All DNA is recombinant DNA. ◼ Genetic exchange works constantly to blend and rearrange chromosomes, most obviously during meiosis, when homologous chromosomes pair prior to the first nuclear division. ◼ During this pairing, genetic exchange between the chromosomes occurs. This exchange, classically termed crossing over, is one of the results of homologous recombination