Structure Utility function(效用函数) Definition Monotonic transformation(单调转换) Examples of utility functions and their indifference curves Marginal utility(边际效用) Marginal rate of substitution边际替代率 MRS after monotonic transformation

Structure Money equivalent of utility gains to trade Consumer's' surplus Changes in consumer's' surplus Compensating and equivalent variations Producer's' surplus

Structure Endowments(禀赋) Budget constraints with endowments Net demands -Price offer curve Example: Labor supply Comparative statics Slutsky equation revisited

Structure When to sell an asset? -rate-of -return- Arbitrage Taxation of asset returns Depletable resources Financial intermediaries

Structure Describe budget constraint -Algebra Graph Describe changes in budget constraint Government programs and budget constraints on- -linear budget lines

Structure Rational constrained choice Computing ordinary demands Interior solution内在解) Corner solution(角点解) “Kinky\ solution Example: Choosing taxes

Structure Present and future values Intertemporal budget constraint Preferences for intertemporal consumption Intertemporal choice Comparative statics Valuing securities

Exchange Economies (revisited) No production, only endowments,so no description of how resources are converted to consumables. General equilibrium: all markets clear simultaneously. 1st and 2nd Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics

一、1(5分)当边际产量递减时,规模报酬也一定递减

Revealed Preference Analysis Suppose we observe the demands (consumption choices) that a consumer makes for different budgets. This reveals information about the consumer's preferences. We can use this information to