高质量睡眠与儿童的身体发育、认知功能、学习和注意力密切相关，由于儿童睡眠障碍的早期症状不明显，需要进行长期监测，因此急需找到一种适用于儿童睡眠监测，且能够提前预防和诊断此类疾病的方法。多导睡眠图(Polysomnography，PSG)是临床指南推荐的睡眠障碍基本检测方法，通过观察PSG各睡眠期间的变化和规律，对睡眠质量评估和睡眠障碍识别具有基础作用。本文对儿童睡眠分期进行了研究，利用多导睡眠图记录的单通道脑电信号，在Alexnet的基础上，用一维卷积代替二维卷积，提出一种1D-CNN结构，由5个卷积层、3个池化层和3个全连接层组成，并在1D-CNN中添加了批量归一化层（Batch normalization layer），保持卷积核的大小保持不变。针对数据集少的情况，采用了重叠的方法对数据集进行了扩充。实验结果表明，该模型儿童睡眠分期的准确率为84.3%。通过北京市儿童医院的PSG数据获得的归一化混淆矩阵，可以看出，Wake、N2、N3和REM期睡眠的分类性能很好。对于N1期睡眠，存在将N1期睡眠被误分类为Wake、N2和REM期睡眠的情况，因此以后的工作应重点提升N1期睡眠的准确性。总体而言，对于基于带有睡眠阶段标记的单通道EEG的自动睡眠分期，本文提出的1D-CNN模型可以实现针对于儿童的自动睡眠分期。在未来的工作中，仍需要研究开发更适合于儿童的睡眠分期策略，在更大数据量的基础上进行实验

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Integral Equation Methods Reminder about galerkin and Collocation Example of convergence issues in 1D First and second kind integral equations Develop some intuition about the difficulties Convergence for second kind equations Consistency and stability issues

1. D: Interpretation of Entropy on the Microscopic Scale- The Connection between Randomness and entropy 1. D I Entropy Change in Mixing of Two ldeal gases Consider an insulated rigid container of gas separated into two halves by a heat conducting partition so the temperature of the gas in each part is the same. One side contains air, the other side another gas, say argon, both regarded as ideal gases. The mass of gas in each side is such