第一节 能力的概述 第二节 能力的结构 第三节 能力发展与个体差异 第四节 能力的测量 第五节 能力的培养

第一节感觉的概述 第二节知觉的概述 第三节感知觉的基本规律 第四节感知觉规律在教学中的运用 第五节观察和观察力的培养

Constructivism are based on the idea that, unlike a computer disk or an empty container, students do not wait passively to be filled up with knowledge. Rather, students actively build, or construct, their own knowledge.Teachers cannot entirely control their students’ learning, expert teachers can do much to facilitate students’ own active learning processes. (Cobb,2000)

Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became linked together; thus Thorndike's approach is quite different and can be regarded as the first modern theme, of learning. His emphasis

A concept is a category under which specific elements may be grouped.e.g. a red ball, a red pencil, and a red chair are all instances of the simple concept “red”. An “even number” is defined as any integer（整数） that is divisible by two without a remainder, and that an “odd number” is one that is not evenly(均匀地） divisible by two

born in Berlin, Germany, in 1886 1903-1908, studied philosophy and psy. at the Uni.of Edinburgh in Scotland and Uni. of Berlin. 1910, went to work as assistants to Friedrich Schumann at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt 1924, went to America and worked in Connel Uni., Wisconsin Uni. And Smith College till his death. Koffka introduced it to the United States and systematized Gestalt psychology into a coherent body of theories

Defining Declarative Knowledge: (labels, names, facts, lists). Declarative knowledge is often associated with rote memory. It is the substance with which we think. It is often associated with the knowledge and comprehension level of Bloom's taxonomy. Examples of Declarative Knowledge: Often within your instructional design there are terms that your learners need to know and understand in order to more effectively communicate or proceed through

意志：是自觉地确定目的，并为实现目的而支配调节自己的行动，克服各种困难的心理 过程。 意志的自觉性：是指一个人的行动有明确的目的，尤其是能充分地意识到行动效果的社 会意义，使自己的行动服从社会、集体利益的一种品质

意识: 所有的观念、思想、感情、愿望、意向、记忆力等; 一个人的 心理体验的总和; 一种察觉活动。 无意识: 指个人对其内在身心状态或外在环境中的一切变化无所知 与无所感的情形

第一单元：确定问题 第二单元：分析原因 第三单元：寻找出路 第四单元：筛选方案 第五单元：计划与实施 第六单元：六顶思考帽