Enlightenment A European cultural movement that reached its height in the 18th century, but which still resonates today Enlightenment theories about economics and philosophy, still widely held today, have provided the basis for numerous critiques from numerous critics including members of the Frankfurt school and most of the leading French thinkers of modern and postmodern eras

How Might a mouse search a Maze for Cheese? heese · State Space Search? As a Constraint Satisfaction Problem? Goal-directed Planning As a rule or production System? What is missing? Ideas in this lecture Objective is to accumulate rewards rather than goal states Task is to generate policies for how to act in all situations rather than a plan for a single starting situation

What is rA? Y RA is a chronic polyarticular inf lammatory arthritis that involves not only small joints of the hands and feet but also systemic organs Y Pathologic change: chronic synovitis with pannus (IfL

November 29, 2001 Duty and Famine: Singer Last time we considered Mill's version of Utilitarianism, called Eudaimonistic Utilitarianism characterized by what he calls \the greatest-happiness principle\: You ought always to act so as to maximize happiness, i.e., the right act is the act that results in the greatest amount of happiness overall. The \greatest-happiness principle\, however, just states one version of Utilitarianism. Other versions of

Moral Luck One of the important themes in the freewill debate is the idea that freedom is necessary for moral responsibility. In effect, if hard determinism is the correct view, then we should not hold ourselves or others morally responsible. Libertarians, in particular, seem to hold that in order to be responsible for an act, we must be its \sole author. Here is the principle at issue: Control Principle: You are only responsible for what you have control over. If you steal an axe from my garage and use it to break into a gas station, there's no point in holding me responsible, I didn't

Moral Relativism The problem of moral relativism begins with the fact of moral diversity: different cultures have different moral codes. Of course,it' s not just between different national cultures that moral opinions differ the same can happen between different subcultures of the same national culture. What does this show? Consider: Moral diversity: Different cultures have different moral codes/values. Does it even follow that: Moral conflict: Different cultures have conflicting moral codes/values

24.00: Problems of Philosophy Prof. Sally Haslanger October 31, 2001 Freewill: Hard Determinism 1. What is our investment in freewill? Not just a sentimental attachment: At the root of how we organize our own lives(deliberation matters). At the root of how we interact with others(presupposed by praise and blame, punishment)

What is Online Learning? In an online lesson, the computer displays material in response to a learner's request. The computer promotes the learner for more information and presents appropriate material based on the learners response. The material can be traditional lessons and tests that are transcribed into a computer program. The material can also be a complex program that tracks users'input and

Evidentialism(Clifford): \It is wrong abways, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence\ (p.113) Pragmatism(James): Faced with a genuine choice about what to believe, and where evidence does not decide the matter, we are free to decide it however we want. Oour passional nature not only lawfully may, but must, decide an option between propositions, whenever it is a genuine option that cannot by its nature be decided on intellectual grounds. (127) In the relevant cases, we are not

1.Definitions: topoisomerase, ribozyme, double helix, DNA denaturation, Tm, linking number, pseudoknot. 2.What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA? How the structural properties of DNA and RNA determine their distinct biological functions