Related concepts Aspecies: a collection of strains that have a similar G+C composotion and 70% or greater similarity as judged by DNA hybridization experiments. biovars: variant procaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences. Morphovars: differ morphologically Serovars: have distinctive antigenic properties

Utilitarianism Last time we considered three questions one might ask an ethical theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought as a moral ii)What makes a particular action right or wrong? What is it about the action that determines its moral status? 111) How do we know what is right and wrong? There are a variety of strategies for answering(iii). One might hold e. g. that moral truths are revealed by god and

3.2正形投影与高斯克吕格投影 3.2.1正形投影的概念和投影方程 长度比与方位角无关的投影称为正形投影,必须满足 条件E=G,F=0,即: