▲总需求的定义、内容； ▲总需求曲线的定义、推导、斜率和平移； ▲短期总生产函数和曲线； ▲劳动力需求曲线、劳动力供给曲线和劳动力市场的均衡； ▲短期和短期总供给曲线； ▲古典和凯恩斯主义的总供给曲线

·交易方程式的内容； ·古典的货币需求理论； ·凯恩斯的流动偏好理论； ·货币市场的均衡条件； ·LM 曲线的定义； ·LM 曲线的推导； ·利率的简单决定理论； ·LM 曲线斜率的决定因素； ·国民收入对利率变化的弹性分析； ·LM 曲线的平移

There is ahvays a temporary tradeoff befween inflation and unemploy from inflation per se, but from unanticipated inflation, which generally means, from a rising rate of inflation Milton friedman Most economists analyze short-run fluctuations in aggregate income and the price level using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. In the IS-LM modek hapters, we examined aggregate demand in some detail. The IS-LM model-together with its open-economy cousin the Mundell-Fleming model-shows how changes in monetary and fiscal policy and shocks to the money and goods markets shift the aggregate demand curve. In this chapter

The Federal Reserve 's job is to take away the punch bowl just as the party William McChesney martin tiously turning the steering wheel to adjust to the unexpected irregule ties of the route, but some means of keeping the monetary passenger who is in the back seat as ballast from occasionally leaning over and giving the steering wheel a jerk that threatens to send the car off the road Milton friedman

Exercises Linear equations for the consumption and saving schedule take the general form C=a + bY and S=-a+(1-b)Y, where C, S and Y are consumption, saving and national income respectively. (1) Use the given data to develop specific numerical values for the consumption and saving equations. Write the using these values

Aggregate Demand ll Science is a parasite: the greater the patient population the better the ad ance in physiology and pathology; and out of pathology arises therapy The year 1932 was the trough of the great depression, and from its rotten soil was belatedly begot a new subject that today we call macroeconomics In Chapter 10 we assembled the pieces of the IS-LM model. We saw that the IS curve represents the equilibrium in the market for goods and services, that the LM curve represents the equilibrium in the market for real money balances, and that the IS and LM curves together

Unemployment A man willing to work, and unable to find work, is perhaps the saddest sight that fortune's inequality exhibits under the sun Thomas Carlyle Unemployment is the macroeconomic problem that affects people most directly and severely. For most people, the loss of a job means a reduced living standard

1. GDP measures both the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expendi- ture on the economy's output of goods and services. GDP can measure two things at once because both are really the same thing: for an economy as a whole, income must al expenditure. As the circular flow diagram in the text illustrates, these are alter- native, equivalent ways of measuring the flow of dollars in the economy

The Data of macroeconomics It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to fit facts. Sherlock holmes Scientists, economists, and detectives have much in common: they all want to figure out what's going on in the world around them. To do this, they rely on both theory and observation. They build theories in an attempt to make sense of what they see happening. They then turn to more systematic observation to eval- uate the theories validity. Only when theory and evidence come into line do they feel they understand the situation

Course Description Macroeconomics is the most disputed, confused yet excited field in economics. This course introduces you how economists think about those macroeconomic problems such as inflation, unemployment and recession, and how macroeco could be used to resolve these problems. We will find that economists may give you many different answers. Yet behind their different answers is the difference in the framework of macroeconomic analysis. The course will thus introduce you two major