1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

1 Fundamentals of Control Theory N. Wiener: Control theory in engineering, whether it is Concerned with Man, animal or machine, can only be regarded as a part of the theory of information [(G) Controller

1. Information Processing Definition of Information processing All operations exerted to the information itself for its better utilization Information processing is necessary because most of the information in its original form may not be good for use. Thus information processing is the basis of later operations Two categories of information processing: 1)Shallow Level of Information Processing 2)Deeper level of Information Processing

3-1 Measures of Random Syntactic Information Shannon Theory of Information Key point: 1. Information is something that can be used to remove uncertainty. 2. The amount of information can then be measured by the amount of uncertainty it removed. 3. In the cases of communications, only waveform is concerned while meaning and value are ignored. 4. Uncertainty and thus information are statistic in nature and statistical mathematics is enough

1.1 Information science Definition of information Science Information Science is a trans-disciplinary science with information as its object in study; the laws in information process as its content information methodology as its approach; and the strengthening human information functions particularly the intellectual ability, as its goal

胸部创伤 hest trauma 胸内脏器:肺和心脏大血管 胸内负压:-078~-0.98kPa(-8~-10cmH2O) 胸部伤后易发生呼吸和循环功能障碍 个平时多为交通事故伤 战时阵亡者约2%~27%死于胸部伤 美国每年15万人死于创伤,其中胸伤占25% 我国:

到2020年,欧洲沿海城市将被上升的海平面淹没 ,英国气候将像西伯利亚一样寒冷干燥。核战、 大旱、饥饿和暴乱等问题将困扰全球各国。 中国南部地区在2010年前后将发生持续整整10年 的特大干旱。中国北方将水患不断,南方一片干 ●●●●●● 2004年,美国五角大楼“秘密报告 电影“后天

一、什么是第三方物流 流的概念 第三方物流是指由与货物有关的发货人和 收货人之外的专业企业,即第三方物流企 业来承担企业物流活动的一种物流形态。在美国的有关专业著作中,将第三方物流 供应者定义为:

The Background of American Realism The fifty years between the end of the Civil War to the outbreak of the First World War Changes in every aspect of American life

1. Historical background The growth of mass-circulation periodicals created a rich market place for popular writers o WWi stands as a great dividing line between the 19th century and contemporary America o a sense of the failure of political leaders and a belief in the futility of hope dominated