It is beyond the scope of this class to understand the following. If only one equilibration is in effect, the pH of the solution is determined by one Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
1. Enzymes were among the first biological macromolecules to be studied chemically 1.1 Much of the early history of biochemistry is the history of enzyme research. 1.1.1 Biological catalysts were first recognized in studying animal food digestion and sugar fermentation with yeast (brewing and wine making)
The cellular respiration (complete oxidation of fuels) can be divided into three stages Stage I All the fuel molecules are oxidized to generate a common two-carbon unit, acetyl-CoA. Stage II The acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized
8.1 Some Basics 273 quence in the cells DNA. A segment of a DNA molecule 8.2 Nucleic Acid Structure 275 that contains the information required for the synthesis 8.3 Nucleic Acid Chemistry 291 8.4 Other Functions of Nucleotides 300 the only known func- Watson
7.1 Monosaccharides and Disaccharides 239 att 7.2 Polysaccharides 247 mine the intracellular location or metabolic fate of these hybrid molecules, called glycoconjugates. This chap- 7.3 Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins