3. 1 Chemical shift When an atom is placed in a magnetic field B its electrons circulate about the direction of the applied magnetic field. This circulation causes a small magnetic field at the nucleus which opposes the externally applied field The magnetic field at the nucleus(the effective field) is therefore generally less than the applied field by a fraction THNMR

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SPE'TROSCO)Y LSI in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 32(1998)193-275 Technical aspects of nmr spectroscopy with biological macromolecules and studies of hydration in solution erhard Wider Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY ELSEVIER Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 38 (2001) 325-360 www.elsevier.nl/locate/pnmrs NMR quantum computation J.A. Jonesa,b,* \Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences. New Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3QT. UK

NMR supplement Kinetic studies of protein folding using NMR spectroscopy Christopher M. Dobson and Peter J Hore Recent progress has advanced our abilities to use NMR spectroscopy to follow- in real time -the structural and dynamic changes taking place during protein folding

2 Basis Principles of FT NMR C Gerd Gemmecker 1999 Nuclei in magnetic fields Atomic nuclei are composed of nucleons, i.e., protons and neutrons. Each of these particles shows a property named\spin\(behaving like an angular momentum) that adds up to the total spin of the

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