Ⅴ.Tentative syllabus Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chinese-English Translation Chapter 2 Culture, Language and Translation Chapter 3 A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and Chinese Chapter 4 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Chapter 5 Lexical Translation Chapter 6 Chinglish (or False Friend) in Chinese-English Translation Chapter 7 Ways to Translate Idioms Chapter 8 Sentence Translation Chapter 9 Paragraph Translation Chapter 10 Non-Literary Translation Chapter 11 Literary Translation

• Ⅴ.Tentative syllabus • Chapter 1 An Introduction to Translation • Chapter 2 The Process of Translation • Chapter 3 The Methods of Translation • Chapter 4 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese • Chapter 5 Transformation between Parts of Speech in English-Chinese Translation • Chapter 6 Translation of English passive into Chinese • Chapter 7 Amplification vs. Omission • Chapter 8 Positive vs. Negative Expressions(Affirmation vs. Negation) • Chapter 9 Breaking and Combining Sentences • Chapter 10 Abstract vs. Concrete • Chapter 11 Styles vs. Translation

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

▪ 1、哲学(philosophy) ▪ 2、语言哲学(philosophy of language) ▪ 3、理论语言学(general linguistics) ▪ 4、应用语言学(applied linguistics) ▪ 5、哲学、科研与做人(philosophy and beyond)

Lección 1 Forma de la Carta Comercial Lección 2 Solicitar Informaciones Lección 3 Responder Solicitudes Lección 4 Hacer Ofertas y Contraofertas Lección 5 Hacer Aceptaciones Lección 6 Cursar Pedidos Lección 7 Responder Pedidos Lección 8 Formas de Pago Lección 9 Modalidades de Transportes Lección 10 Envases y Embalajes Lección 11 Seguros en el Transporte Lección 12 Notas de Envío de Productos Lección 13 Reclamaciones

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

1、有助于吸收希腊文明的精华 2、有助于自身文化素养的提高 3、有助于跨文化能力的培养 4、有助于英语的学习(英文素养)-兴趣、阅读

Unit 1 Text A Who Is Great Text B How to Be a Leader Unit 2 Text A The Gratitude We Need Text B Why Manners Matter Unit 3 Text A How To Chang Your Point Of View ? Text B Lateral and Vertical Thinking Unit 4 Text A How to Become Gifted Text B The Truth About College Teachers Unit 5 Text A Prison Studies Text B Reading for Life Unit 6 Text A : The EQ Factor Text B : What’s Your Emotional IQ?

Lecture 15: Comparison and Comparative Construction 8.as+形容词或副词原级+as （1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so.as He cannot run so/as fast as you. （2)当as...as中间有名词时采用以下格式 as+形容词+aan+单数名词+as