Characteristics of Solids Bonding Electrons in Solids Band Theory Defects Semiconductor Classification of Solids There are several forms solid state materials can adapt

1. Bragg Equation 2. Single Crystal Diffraction 3. X-ray Powder Diffraction Crystal Structure Analysis

Functional Solid State Materials Electrical properties Optical properties Magnetic properties Mechanical properties “the secret for transmuting base metals into precious gold” Materials & History

Three Ways to Describe Crystal Structures Three Structural sketches of P4O10 molecules: (a)Stick-ball model：showing that the P-O chemical bond is the tetrahedral coordination and sp3 covalent bonds

Photoelectricity Semiconductors Historical Timelines Semiconductor Products are Proliferating

Non-linear optical properties Photoluminescence Optical Materials Non-linear optical materials play an important role in data transmission and storage

1 Crystal Basics 2 Symmetry 3 Crystal Structure Analysis 4 Crystal Chemistry 5 Some Important Crystal Structures

Scopes of Solid State Synthesis Solids: crystals, fibers, films, foams, ceramics, powders, nanoparticles, morphology Direct reaction Crystallization: solution, melt, glass, sol-gel

Characteristic of Superconductors Applications Important Superconductors What Is a Superconductor? A superconductor is an element, inter￾metallic alloy, or compound that will conduct electricity without resistance below a certain temperature

determine whether an application is possible No matter how good the electric, magnetic, chemical or other properties are, a material is of no use if it does not fulfill mechanical requirements hardness compressive & tensile strength