重庆工商大学：《计量经济学》课程教学资源（讲义）第4章 非线性回归模型的线性化 The Nonlinear Single Regression Model

重庆工商大学：《计量经济学》课程教学资源（讲义）第6章 自相关 Serial Correlation（主讲：席尧生）

重庆工商大学：《计量经济学》课程教学资源（讲义）第10章 联立方程模型 Simultaneous Equations Model Cont.（1/2，席尧生）

The Business Market - all the organizations that buy goods and services to use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented, or supplied to others. Business markets involve many more dollars and items do consumer markets

A set of interdependent organizations (intermediaries) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user

Objectives Setting the Price Adapting the Price Initiating & Responding to Price Changes

Any form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. U.S. advertisers spend in excess of $175 billion each year. Advertising is used by: – Business firms, –Nonprofit organizations, –Professionals

Step 1. Identifying the Target Audience Step 2. Determining the Communication Objectives Buyer Readiness Stages

Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption. Satisfies a want or a need. Includes: –Physical Products –Services –Persons –Places

市场渗透: increase sales to present customers with current products. How? Cut prices, increase advertising, get products into more stores. 市场开发: develop new markets with current products. How? Identify new demographic or geographic markets