20世纪90年代,“ The Internationa Union of Biochemistry\更名为“The International Union of Biochemistry and molecular Biology”;“中国生物 化学学会”更名为“中国生物化学与分 子生物学学会”;各省的也跟着更名 分子生物学分化于生物化学

Molecular Biology of the Gene,5/e--- Watson et al.(2004) Part: Chemistry and Genetics Part ll: Maintenance of the Genome Part Ill: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

Parasitology(寄生虫学), the study of parasites(寄生虫) and their relationships to the hosts(TE E), is one of the most fascinating areas of the biology. While it is entirely proper to classify many bacteria(细菌) and fungi(真菌) and all viruses as parasites

Entropic elasticity Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 19-50 in: Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York: Garland Publishing, 2002 Image may be viewed online at the NIH's PubMed Bookshelf

Mathematical basis of stability analysis =f(x,y) system of two coupled differential equations y=g(x,y) step 1 find nullclines and fixed point(s)

L14: 14 Lectures past and 1 1 to go Part 'The cell as a well-stirred bioreactor topICs Lambda phage lysis-lysogeny switch Synthetic genetic switch Switches as memory storage Chemotaxis: perfect adaptation or not? Synthetic genetic oscillators

Wrapping up E coli chemotaxis (L7& L8) Main points of last 2 lectures L7: Biological background what is the function of the individual molecules L8: modeling of all possible chemotactic reactions why doesn't this model reproduce experimentally observed perfect adaptation

Review Turing-Gierer-Meinhardt models Local excitation, global inhibition 22r+hq

Alternative views on gradient sensing Postma and van hastert. 'a diffusion-translocation model for gradient sensing by chemotactic cells Biophys.J.81,1314(2001) Levchenko and Iglesias. Models of eukaryotic gradient sensing: applications to chemotaxis of amoeba and neutrophils

一、神经管的形成 二、神经诱导作用 三、神经管的分化 四、神经元的分化 五、神经元的生长和凋亡