COUNTING DOWN THE TOP 10 HUBBLE IMAGES APRIL 2015 LOOKING FOR HIS LEGACY TODAY
INTRO ANNUAL FEE OF $0 THE FIRST YEAR, THEN $95 Purchase and balance transfer APR is 15.99% variable. Cash advances and overdraft advances APR is 19.24% variable. Penalty APR of up to 29.99% variable. 7BSJBCMF"13TDIBOHFXJUI UIF NBSLFU CBTFE PO UIF 1SJNF3BUF XIJDIXBTPO"OOVBMGFFJOUSPEVDUPSZGFF UIFmSTUZFBS"GUFS UIBU .JOJNVN Interest Charge: None. Balance Transfer Fee: 3% of the amount of each transaction, but not less than $5. Note: This account may not be eligible for balance transfers. Cash Advance Fee: 5% of the amount of each advance, but not less than $10. Foreign Transaction Fee: None. Credit cards are issued by Chase Bank USA, N.A. Subject to credit approval. To obtain additional information on the current terms and information on any changes to these terms after the date above, please visit chase.com/sapphire. You must have a valid permanent home address within the 50 United States or the District of Columbia. Restrictions and limitations apply. Offer TVCKFDU UPDIBOHFª+1.PSHBO $IBTF$P SO YOU CAN Fly to Thailand Take the ferry from Krabi Hire a longtail boat with a captain Take a selfie where they filmed that movie And plunge into the turquoise waters of Maya Bay No foreign transaction fees 2X points on travel and dining at restaurants Chase Sapphire Preferred® Learn more at chase.com/sapphire
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 30 Lincoln Along the train route that his body traveled home, people debate Lincoln’s legacy. By Adam Goodheart Photographs by Eugene Richards A Lincoln Gallery Photos show the struggles of the nation etched into the president’s face. 76 How Coal Fuels India’s Insurgency Militants capitalize on human poverty amid mineral wealth. By Anthony Loyd Photographs by Lynsey Addario 96 The Bug That’s Eating the Woods A warming climate is good for pine beetles—which is very bad for forests. By Hillary Rosner Photographs by Peter Essick 116 Trajan’s Amazing Column On a pillar of Carrara marble, an emperor’s exploits tower over Rome. By Andrew Curry Photographs by Kenneth Garrett Images of the “Pillars of Creation” are among thousands the Hubble Space Telescope has captured. In this issue lead Hubble imaging scientist Zoltan Levay picks his ten favorites. PHOTO: NASA; ESA; HUBBLE HERITAGE TEAM, STSCI/AURA. COLORIZED COMPOSITE/MOSAIC Hubble’s Greatest Hits After 25 years on the job, the Hubble Space Telescope stands as “one of the world’s most productive and popular scientific machines.” By Timothy Ferris 62 130 Proof | Argentine Identities A photographer glimpses many cultures in the faces of the country’s people. Story and Photographs by Marco Vernaschi On the Cover Alexander Gardner photographed Abraham Lincoln on November 8, 1863, 11 days before the president delivered the Gettysburg Address. Photograph from Library of Congress Corrections and Clarifications Go to ngm.com/more. APRIL 2015 • VOL. 227 • NO. 4 Are your favorite Hubble photos in our gallery of top shots? Go to ngm.com/more
FROM THE EDITOR Susan Goldberg, Editor in Chief PHOTO: ALEXANDER GARDNER; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS This portrait of a contemplative Lincoln was made on August 9, 1863, in a Washington, D.C., photo studio. Doris Kearns Goodwin, the best-selling chronicler of America’s presidents, knows the question historians would expect her to ask Abraham Lincoln if she could. How would you have dealt with Reconstruction differently than Andrew Johnson? the dutiful Goodwin would inquire. Lincoln’s death cut short what probably would have been a gentler approach to the South after the Civil War, she explains. If he’d lived, “it might have helped ease the racial tension that’s lasted for hundreds of years.” But given the chance to actually sit down with our 16th and, arguably, greatest president, Goodwin would ask something very different. “I would just say to him, Tell me a story,” she says. “The minute he started telling a story, his eyes would light up, as if he had just come from black and white into full color.” April 14 marks the 150th anniversary of Lincoln’s assassination. Like Goodwin, many of us seek that essential Lincoln. We want to understand how a boy who knew so much privation and loss became a man of resilience, confidence, and humility, whose spirit still helps define the nation he loved and saved. This is the story that writer Adam Goodheart and photographer Eugene Richards set out to tell as they retraced the path of Lincoln’s funeral train over 1,654 miles, from Washington, D.C., to its final stop in Springfield, Illinois. Perhaps a million people filed past the president’s open coffin; millions more lined the tracks. It was an outpouring of shared grief after a war that killed as many as 850,000 American soldiers. What was this longing for Lincoln, and why does it endure? On one level, says Goodwin, it’s obvious. “He won the war, saved the Union, ended slavery. That legacy is a permanent legacy to our nation and an advance of social justice.” But she also thinks that Lincoln’s life story itself touches emotions in a singularly powerful way. She quotes from Ernest Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms: “The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places.” “This is true of Lincoln,” Goodwin says. “He had a sustaining spirit.” The Longing for Lincoln Lincoln
national geographic • April The National Geographic Society is a global nonprofit membership organization. We inspire through exploration, illuminate through stories, and, always, teach. CHIEF CONTENT OFFICER Chris Johns EDITOR IN CHIEF Susan Goldberg MANAGING EDITOR: David Brindley. EXECUTIVE EDITOR ENVIRONMENT: Dennis R. Dimick. DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY: Sarah Leen. EXECUTIVE EDITOR NEWS AND FEATURES: David Lindsey. EXECUTIVE EDITOR SPECIAL PROJECTS: Bill Marr. EXECUTIVE EDITOR SCIENCE: Jamie Shreeve. EXECUTIVE EDITOR CARTOGRAPHY, ART AND GRAPHICS: Kaitlin M. Yarnall NEWS/FEATURES DIGITAL NEWS DIRECTOR: Dan Gilgoff. SHORT-FORM DIRECTOR: Margaret G. Zackowitz. EDITORS: Marla Cone, Patricia Edmonds, Erika Engelhaupt, Peter Gwin, John Hoeffel, Wendy Koch, Robert Kunzig, Glenn Oeland, Oliver Payne. WRITERS: Jeremy Berlin, Eve Conant, Christine Dell’Amore, Brian Clark Howard, Jane J. Lee, Cathy Newman, Christina Nunez, Laura Parker, Rachel Hartigan Shea, Daniel Stone, A. R. 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PHOTO: REBECCA HALE, NGM STAFF nationalgeographic.com/3Q 3 Questions Why I’m a Man of Science—and Faith Francis S. Collins, a physician and the geneticist behind the Human Genome Project, is the director of the National Institutes of Health. He is also founder of the BioLogos Foundation (biologos.org), a group that fosters discussions about the intersection of Christianity and science. Are science and religion compatible? I am privileged to be somebody who tries to understand nature using the tools of science. But it is also clear that there are some really important questions that science cannot really answer, such as: Why is there something instead of nothing? Why are we here? In those domains I have found that faith provides a better path to answers. I find it oddly anachronistic that in today’s culture there seems to be a widespread presumption that scientific and spiritual views are incompatible. When people think of those views as incompatible, what is lost? Science and faith can actually be mutually enriching and complementary once their proper domains are understood and respected. Extreme cartoons representing antagonistic perspectives on either end of the spectrum are often the ones that get attention, but most people live somewhere in the middle. You’ve said that a blooming flower is not a miracle since we know how that happens. As a geneticist, you’ve studied human life at a fundamental level. Is there a miracle woven in there somewhere? Oh, yes. At the most fundamental level, it’s a miracle that there’s a universe at all. It’s a miracle that it has order, fine-tuning that allows the possibility of complexity, and laws that follow precise mathematical formulas. Contemplating this, an open-minded observer is almost forced to conclude that there must be a “mind” behind all this. To me, that qualifies as a miracle, a profound truth that lies outside of scientific explanation.
* Bravecto kills fleas, prevents flea infestations, and kills ticks (black-legged tick, American dog tick, and brown dog tick) for 12 weeks. Bravecto also kills lone star ticks for 8 weeks. Bravecto is for dogs 6 months of age or older. Side effects may include vomiting, decreased appetite, diarrhea, lethargy, excessive thirst, and flatulence. Please see Brief Summary of Prescribing Information on following page. Fleas & Ticks? I got 3 words for ya: 12 weeks* & YUM. Bravecto.com Jack says only BRAVECTO® provides up to 12 weeks* of flea & tick protection in a tasty chew. Talk to the expert on all things dog—your vet. I got 1 word for you: WOW!
NADA 141-426, Approved by FDA BRIEF SUMMARY (For full Prescribing Information, see package insert) Caution: Federal (USA) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. Indications: Bravecto kills adult fleas and is indicated for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis) and the treatment and control of tick infestations [Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)] for 12 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months of age and older, and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater. Bravecto is also indicated for the treatment and control of Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) infestations for 8 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months of age and older, and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater. Contraindications: There are no known contraindications for the use of the product. Warnings: Not for human use. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. Keep the product in the original packaging until use, in order to prevent children from getting direct access to the product. Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling the product. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after use of the product. Precautions: Bravecto has not been shown to be effective for 12-weeks duration in puppies less than 6 months of age. Bravecto is not effective against Amblyomma americanum ticks beyond 8 weeks after dosing. Adverse Reactions: In a well-controlled U.S. field study, which included 294 dogs (224 dogs were administered Bravecto every 12 weeks and 70 dogs were administered an oral active control every 4 weeks and were provided with a tick collar); there were no serious adverse reactions. All potential adverse reactions were recorded in dogs treated with Bravecto over a 182-day period and in dogs treated with the active control over an 84-day period. The most frequently reported adverse reaction in dogs in the Bravecto and active control groups was vomiting. Percentage of Dogs with Adverse Reactions in the Field Study Adverse Reaction (AR) Bravecto Group: Percentage of Dogs with the AR During the 182-Day Study (n=224 dogs) Active Control Group: Percentage of Dogs with the AR During the 84-Day Study (n=70 dogs) Vomiting 7.1 14.3 Decreased Appetite 6.7 0.0 Diarrhea 4.9 2.9 Lethargy 5.4 7.1 Polydipsia 1.8 4.3 Flatulence 1.3 0.0 In a well-controlled laboratory dose confirmation study, one dog developed edema and hyperemia of the upper lips within one hour of receiving Bravecto. The edema improved progressively through the day and had resolved without medical intervention by the next morning. For technical assistance or to report a suspected adverse drug reaction, contact Merck Animal Health at 1-800-224-5318. Additional information can be found at www.bravecto.com. For additional information about adverse drug experience reporting for animal drugs, contact FDA at 1-888-FDA-VETS or online at http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/ SafetyHealth. How Supplied: Bravecto is available in five strengths (112.5, 250, 500, 1000, and 1400 mg fluralaner per chew). Each chew is packaged individually into aluminum foil blister packs sealed with a peelable paper backed foil lid stock. Product may be packaged in 1, 2, or 4 chews per package. Distributed by: Intervet Inc (d/b/a Merck Animal Health) Summit, NJ 07901 Made in Austria Copyright © 2014 Intervet Inc, a subsidiary of Merck & Company Inc. All rights reserved 141487 R2