Antibiotic and drug resistance Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection DiQu(瞿涤) MOH&MOE Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University 复旦大学基础医学院 医学分子病毒学教育部卫生部重点实验室 Chapter 28
Antibiotic and drug resistance Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Shibo Jiang (姜世勃) MOH&MOE Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University 复旦大学上海医学院分子病毒学教育部/卫生部重点实验室 Di Qu (瞿涤) MOH&MOE Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University 复旦大学基础医学院 医学分子病毒学教育部/卫生部重点实验室 Chapter 28
Key Words Antibiotic Selective toxicity Penicillins Bactericidal Beta lactam Bacteriostatic Penicillinase/ beta lactamase Drug resistance Inhibitor of beta lactamase
Key Words Antibiotic Selective toxicity Penicillins Bactericidal Beta lactam Bacteriostatic Penicillinase/ beta lactamase Drug resistance Inhibitor of beta lactamase 2
Terms antibiotics related Machanisim of Antibiotics Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis nhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms Genetics of antibiotics resistance Intrinsic resistant acquired resistant -mutation transposable: R plasmid, Tn integron Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Terms antibiotics related Machanisim of Antibiotics Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms Genetics of antibiotics resistance Intrinsic resistant acquired resistant -mutation -transposable: R plasmid, Tn & integron Combat Antimicrobial Resistance 3
Antibiotics: a compound or substance that kills or suppresses the growth of bacteria/or fungi Selectivity toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host Selectively toxic for bacteria destroy structures present in bacteria, not present in host Minimize harm to patient less or no toxic to patient
Selectivity toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host Selectively toxic for bacteria -destroy structures present in bacteria, not present in host Minimize harm to patient - less or no toxic to patient Antibiotics: a compound or substance that kills or suppresses the growth of bacteria/or fungi
Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal Bacteriostatic inhibit bacteria growth without death allows for natural immunity to deal with the microbe (antibodies, phagocytosis etc) Bactericidal Kill bacteria may lead to release of toxins and microbial contents leading to subsequent illness and inflammatory responses
Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal Bacteriostatic -inhibit bacteria growth without death -allows for natural immunity to deal with the microbe (antibodies, phagocytosis etc) Bactericidal - Kill bacteria - may lead to release of toxins and microbial contents leading to subsequent illness and inflammatory responses
Spectrum of Antibiotic Activity Relates to the number of microbes that are susceptible to the action of the drug Narrow(limited number)vs Broad (wide) Penicillin G is a narrow spectrum drug only effective against G+ bacteria etracyclines are broad spectrum drug effective against both gram-positive and G- bacteria Note: Never confusion these terms with potency levels of the drugs or efficacy (Narrow are weak, Broad are strong ?)
Spectrum of Antibiotic Activity • Relates to the number of microbes that are susceptible to the action of the drug Narrow (limited number) vs Broad (wide) • Penicillin G is a narrow spectrum drug -only effective against G+ bacteria Tetracyclines are broad spectrum drug - effective against both gram-positive and G- bacteria Note: Never confusion these terms with potency levels of the drugs or efficacy (Narrow are weak, Broad are strong?)
Terms antibiotics reeated Machanisim of Antibiotics Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms Genetics of antibiotics resistance Intrinsic resistant acquired resistant -mutation transposable: R plasmid, Tn integron Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Terms antibiotics related Machanisim of Antibiotics Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms Genetics of antibiotics resistance Intrinsic resistant acquired resistant -mutation -transposable: R plasmid, Tn & integron Combat Antimicrobial Resistance c 7
Cell wollsyothesis Machanisim of antibiotics DNA replication Vancomycin Quinolones Isoniazid Ethambutol Metronidazole Cycloserine Clofazimine Ethionamide Bacitracin RNA synthesis Pol Rifampin polymyxin Rifabutin 1. Inhibit cell mRNA wall synthesis Ribosomes 3. Inhibit nucleic acid synthesIs Antimetabolites Pre otein synthesis sulfonamides (505 ribosome Dopsone Protein synthesis Chloramphenicol Trimethoprim [30S ribosome cronies Pe oro-ominoso Ic Aminoglycosides Clindamycin 4. Inhibit Tetracyclines Linezolid Q uIn up shin metabolism dalfopristin 2. Inhibit protein synthesis
Machanisim of Antibiotics 4. Inhibit metabolism 1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis 3. Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis 2. Inhibit protein synthesis
How to study antibiotics and drug resistant (you may hand the homework before the midterm exams) Mechanisms of Target antibiotics Spectrum Bacterial Mechanisms Antibiotics (Narrow or infections of drug Broad) resistant Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Mechanisms of drug resistant out lines you may add more details 1. Altered permeability 2. Inactivation of the antibiotic 3. Mutation in the target site 4. Replacement of a sensitive enzyme with a resistant enzyme
Mechanisms of Antibiotics Target antibiotics Spectrum (Narrow or Broad) Bacterial infections Mechanisms of drug resistant Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit metabolism Mechanisms of drug resistant (out lines, you may add more details) : 1. Altered permeability 2. Inactivation of the antibiotic 3. Mutation in the target site. 4. Replacement of a sensitive enzyme with a resistant enzyme How to study antibiotics and drug resistant (you may hand the homework before the midterm exams) 9
Antibiotics inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Bacteria cell wall protect from osmotic pressures Microbe divides needs to create a new cell wall Interrupt this leads to new microbes being susceptible to external influences Cell ruptures Microbe death Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis: penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin and bacitracin
Antibiotics inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis • Bacteria cell wall protect from osmotic pressures • Microbe divides – needs to create a new cell wall – Interrupt this leads to new microbes being susceptible to external influences – Cell ruptures Microbe death • Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis: penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin and bacitracin …
