Eng lish for CIVIlEngineering Maiors 程专 武秀丽主编 中国铁道出版社
前言 随着我国改革开放的进一步发展,培养适应新世纪经济发展需要的复合型人才就显得越 来越重要。本书正是为适应这种需要以及满足扩大对外经济与学术交流、尽快使我国土木工 程专业与国际接轨而编写的土木工程专业英语教材。其内容涉及国际工程投标,建筑村料, 结构工程(桥梁、桩基、屋盖、网架结构、悬索、地下空间与结构),计算杋辅助设计,施工, 地基基础,现代钢结构,抗震结构设计,等等。 本书具有如下特点 (1)是一本集听、说、读、写于一体的专业英语教材; (2)提供了大量土木工程专业的英语读物,在选择内容方面,坚持基本知识与专业最新 发展并举的原则,难易结合以适应各层次需要 (3)为了提高英语科技写作水平,本书在讲解如何写作的同时,也提供了一些1999年 以来部分国外土木工程专业博士学位论文的英文摘要,使大家在提高科技英语写作能力的同 时了解国际上土木工程专业的最新发展方向; (4)为适应我国的招标承包制和建设监理制与国际接轨的需要,本书还集中讲解了国际 工程招投标(FIDC“土木工程施工合同条件”)及需要注意的问题,为开拓国际市场提供了 必备的工具。 本书由武秀丽教授主编,吴康保、喻岩、郭忠贤、王景全、张永远参加了本书第四部分 Unit~tnit17的编写工作。王立军、付希清负责全书的校核。全部录音由外籍教师 Derbyshire Martin和 Farzaneh Ghofarani完成,需要磁带的读者请与编者联系。另外, 在编写过程中,参考了有关兄弟单位的资料,在此一并致谢。 由于编者水平有限,虽经多次修改,但仍难免会有缺点和错误,敬请读者批评指正。 编者 2000年6月
目录 Part I Listening and Speaking 听与说 Unit 1 English Reading for Frequently-used Numerals 常见数字的英语读法 Unit 2 English Reading for Frequently-used Mathematical Symbols 常见数学符号的英语读法 Unit 3 English Reading for Frequently-used Civil Engineering Vocabulary 土木工程专业常用词汇的英语读法 Unit 4 Civil Engineering Essays 土木工程专业小短文 6 Part II Technical English Writing 科技英语写作 Unit 5 Styles and Features of English Technical writing 英文科技论文的写作格式与特点 Unit 6 Collection of English Abstracts-Latest Development in Civil Engineering 英文摘要集土木工程最新进展 Part III Fundamental Knowledge of International Bidding Documents for Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程国际招投标基础知识 ,,40 Unit 7 Main Points of Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程施工合同条件”内容提要 Unit8 Chinese and English Versions of Bidding Documents and Agreements of Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction FDC“土木工程施工合同条件”投标书、协议书中英文格式 Partlv Reading Materials in Civil Engineering 土木工程专业科技论文阅读 Unit9 Roof and Bridge Truss Structures 屋盖及桥梁中的桁架结构 Unit10 Design Process of Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝士的设计过程 UnitIl Materials of Construction
建筑材料. Unit12 Cable and Arch Structures 悬索结构和拱结构 Unit13 Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计(建筑CAD) Unit14 Composite Box Girder Bridges Unit15 Axial Capacity of Single Pile in Non-cohesive Soio 复合箱梁桥 无粘性土壤中单桩的轴向承载力 Unit16 Earthquake and Earthquake Resistant Structures 地震与抗震结构 142 Unitl7 Comprehensive Technique for Constructing Large Underground Engineering by Inverse Construction Method 大型地下建筑逆作法施工综合技术 53 Appendix Glossary 词汇表 References参考文献 187
PART Listening and Speaking听与说 本部分共分为四个单元:常用数字的英语读法、常用数学符号的英语读法、上木工程专 业常用词汇的英语读法、士木工程专业小短文的英语读法。全部录音由外籍教师 Derbyshire Martin和 Farzaneh ghofarani完成。 Unit 1 English Reading for Frequently-used Numerals 常用数字的英语读法 a half. one half, one over two 1乃3 a third one third one over three two thirds two over three l/10 a tenth, one tenth 1/4 a quarter, one quarter, one fourth, one over four 3/4 three quarters, three fourths, three over four two and a half three and three fifths one hundred thirty seven and three quarters, one hundred thirty seven and three over four 234/679 two hundred and thirty four over six hundred and seventy nine 03 zero point three, o point three, nought point three, point three 003 zero point zero three, o point three, nought point nought three, point nought three zero point six seven, O point six seven, nought point six seven, point six seven zero point three recurring, point three recurring 5867 five point eight six seven, six seven recurring 4673 four six point seven three, forty six point seven three two per cent
three eighths per cent, three eighths of one per cent 02% point two per cent per mille o per mI half a meter 2/3m wo thirds of a meter 314km three quarters of a kilometer 283km two point eight three kilometers 78m/s seven point eight meters per second 5℃ fifteen degrees Centigrade 34v thirty four degrees Fahrenheit Unit 2 English Reading for Frequently-used Mathematical Symbols 常用数学符号的英语读法 plus plied by, tir divided bt plus is equal to equals, is is identically equal to, identically equals is approximately equal to, approximately equals x bar, the mean value ofx pr b b double prime, b second prime, b two prime b subscript one, b sub one b superscript x x two dots f(r) dee x differential x 如 the first derivative of y with respect to x, the differential coefficient of y with respect to x dy the second derivative of y with respect to x
d"y the n th derivative of y with respect to x the partial derivative of y with respect to x n th del(nabla tegral integral between limits a and b infinity (a+b) bracket a plus b bracket closed the ratio of a to b x square, x squared, the square of x, the second power of x, x to the second cube, x cubed, the cube of x, the third power of x, x to the third power the minus fourth power of x, x to the minus fourth power √x the cube root ofx, the cubic root ofx Vx2 the fifth root of x square log x to the base n Unit 3 English Reading for Frequently-used Civil ngineering Vocabulary 土木工程专业常用词汇的英语读法 ACI Building Code AC!建筑规范 allowable or permissible stresses 许用应力 allowable-stress design 许用应力设计方法 architectural design 建筑设计 axial force 轴向力 bending moment 弯矩 building codes 建筑规范 cable net structure 悬索网架结构 悬索张力 chandelier 枝形吊灯 vi engineering 上木工程
cladding wall 承重墙 composite material 复合材料 computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 计算机仿真 concrete and masonry structure 砖混结构 concrete beam 混凝土梁 conditions of operation 工作条件 crack width 裂纹宽度 critical design load 临界设计载荷 交叉支撑 decision-making process 决策过程 deflection 挠度 of accura 精确度 design process 设计过程 diagonal bracing 斜撑 earthquake load 地震载荷 earthquake- resistant design 抗震设计 epicenter of the earthquake 震中 equilibrium equation 平衡方程 factor of safety 安全系数 fixed end 固定端 fluid mechanics 流体力学 geologic fault 断层 桁架 height-to-span ratio 高跨比 high-rise building 高层建筑 high-strength concrete 高强混凝土 high-strength steel 高强钢 Incremental length 长度增量 in the horizontal direction 在水平方向 in the vertical direction 在垂直方向 lifeline 生命线 live load 活载 limit state 极限状态 load-combination factor 荷载组合系数 load-factor design 荷载系数设计方法 propag 荷载的传递 long-span structure 大跨结构 log- normal distribution 对数正态分布 low-rise building 底层建筑 materials of construction 建筑材料 maximum sag 最大下垂 modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 natural frequency of vibration 振动固有频率
nominal load 名义载荷 nominal strength 名义强度 单向板 permissible stress 许用应力 pinned end 铰接端 斜屋顶 planar truss 平面桁架 塑性铰 polygon of force 力多边形 preca 预浇 prestressing 预应力 primary structural component 主要结构组成 probability 概率 random proces 随机过程 reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构 resultant of forces 力的合成 return period 返还周期 Richter scale 里氏级数 rigid frame 刚架 rigid joint 刚结点 roof truss 屋盖桁架 secondary bracing 次要支撑 serviceload design 使用载荷设计方法 shear force 剪力 shear force diagram 剪力图 雪载 structural engineering 结构工程 structural system 结构体系 structure of construction 建筑结构 seismic excitation 地震反应 seismic hazard 地震灾害 地震载荷 sense of the force 力的方向 shape of a parabola 抛物线形状 shear wall 剪力墙 il behavior 土壤性质 statically determinate structural system静定结构体系 stress cycle 应力循环 stress/strain diagram 应力/应变图 structural member 构件 structure element 构件 structural engineer 结构工程师 tectonic earthquake 构造地震
three-dimensional 维 three-pin arch 三铰拱 交通流 transfer mechanism 传递机理 two-dimensional 二维 ultimate load 极限载荷 ultimate tensile strength 极限拉伸强度 upper and lower chord 上下弦 wind load 风载 working load 使用载荷 yield stress 屈服应力 Unit 4 Civil Engineering Essays 土木工程专业小短文 1. a building or a bridge is composed of a number of individual structure elements that must function together to resist the applied loads. Throughout the design process the structural engineer must be able to visualize the various individual load-carrying elements and to understand the functional interrelationships necessary for transmitting the applied loads through the structure. Usually the structure will be subjected to several distinct types of loading(e.g, lateral as well as vertical), and the effective load-transfer mechanisms typically vary with the applied loads 2. The two chords are composed of the upper chords of the two primary trusses, and the lateral struts(bb, dd, etc )are compression members that transmit the loads between the two primar trusses. Note that the diagonals in each bay have been arranged in pairs; the main diagonal has been augmented with a second diagonal member called a counter. A cursory examination o this truss reveals that the truss has six redundant members how wever, if properly designed, the truss can be regarded as statically determinate 3. The structure engineer is a member of a team whose members work together to design a building, bridge, or other structures that will fulfil the specific needs of a client. In the case of a building, an architect generally provides the overall layout, and mechanical, electrical, and structural engineers design individual systems within the building. A geotechnical or foundation engineer provides information necessary for the design of foundations, basement walls. and so on