一、副词的功能 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,表示时间、地点、方式和程度等概念 二、副词的构成 1.大部分形容词加后缀↓y构成副词。如: bad-badly careful-carefully simple--simply true-tr busy-busily appy-happily quick--quickly usual-usually strong-strongly terrible-terribly full-fully easy-easily eavy-heavily 小试牛刀 It is raining so that we have to wait for a while A. heavy B. hardly C heavily 注意:有些以y结尾的词并不是副词,有些实际上只能作形容 词。如: friendly(友好的, lovely(可爱的, lonely(孤独的, likely (很可能的), lively(活泼的),ugy(丑陋的),等等
一、副词的功能： 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，表示时间、地点、方式和程度等概念 二、副词的构成 1．大部分形容词加后缀-ly 构成副词。如： quiet—quietly bad—badly careful—carefully simple—simply true—truly busy—busily happy—happily quick—quickly usual—usually strong—strongly terrible—terribly full—fully easy—easily heavy—heavily 小试牛刀： It is raining so _____ that we have to wait for a while. A. heavy B. hardly C. heavily Key： C 注意：有些以-ly 结尾的词并不是副词，有些实际上只能作形容 词。如：friendly (友好的), lovely (可爱的), lonely (孤独的), likely (很可能的), lively (活泼的), ugly (丑陋的)，等等
2.有些形容词与副词同形。如 fast a快的,迅速的,紧密的ad快地,迅速地,紧密地 hard a硬的,困难的,艰难的ad努力地,使劲,猛烈地 early a.早的ad早 daily a每日的,日常的ad每天 注意:有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词,但加了-ly之 后意义相差很大。如 hard a硬的,困难的,艰难的ad努力地,使劲,猛烈地 hardly ad几乎不 late a迟的,晚的ad迟地,晚地 lately ad近来 小试牛刀 she eats for breakfast od B. well 2. He al ways gets up late in the morning, so he has breakfast A hard B hardly BB 副词的分类 按照其意义的不同,一般分为以下五类
2．有些形容词与副词同形。如： fast a.快的，迅速的，紧密的 ad.快地，迅速地，紧密地 hard a.硬的，困难的，艰难的 ad.努力地，使劲，猛烈地 early a.早的 ad.早 daily a.每日的，日常的 ad.每天 注意：有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly 之 后意义相差很大。如： hard a.硬的，困难的，艰难的 ad.努力地，使劲，猛烈地 hardly ad.几乎不 late a.迟的，晚的 ad.迟地，晚地 lately ad.近来 小试牛刀： 1. she eats ______ for breakfast. . good B. well . 2. He always gets up late in the morning, so he ______ has breakfast. A. hard B. hardly Key：B B 三、副词的分类： 按照其意义的不同，一般分为以下五类：
副词种类 例词 时间和 yesterday,now, tonight,soon,ever,once, always, usually 频度副词 often, sometimes等 here there. home. out inside. behind. downstairs. near 地点副词 everywhere等 well, very, quite, rather, so, such, much, a lot, a little, too, 程度副词 enough, much too等 方式副词 badly, easily, happily, luckily, carefully, quickly, slowly f 疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how often 四、副词的在句中的位置 1.副词常放在行为动词或形容词后面,但表示程度或频率的副词一般放在be动词、助动词、 情态动词之后,行为动词之前。如 The boy writes carefully.这个男孩写字很认真 Tom is often late for school汤姆上学经常迟到。 2.副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词 (×) I very like history ()I like history very much 我非常喜欢历史。 3作副词时 enough要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面; 作形容词时 enough则一般放在名词之前,如 I ran fast enough so that i could take a no. 2 bus 我跑得足够快以便能乘到2路公交车
副词种类 例词 时间和 频度副词 yesterday, now, tonight, soon, ever, once, always, usually, often, sometimes 等 地点副词 here, there, home, out, inside, behind, downstairs, near, everywhere 等 程度副词 well, very, quite, rather, so, such, much, a lot, a little, too, enough, much too 等 方式副词 badly, easily, happily, luckily, carefully, quickly, slowly 等 疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how often 等 四、副词的在句中的位置： 1．副词常放在行为动词或形容词后面，但表示程度或频率的副词一般放在 be 动词、助动词、 情态动词之后，行为动词之前。如： The boy writes carefully.这个男孩写字很认真。 Tom is often late for school.汤姆上学经常迟到。 2．副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词 (×)I very like history (√)I like history very much. 我非常喜欢历史。 3.作副词时 enough 要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面； 作形容词时 enough 则一般放在名词之前，如： I ran fast enough so that I could take a No.2 bus 我跑得足够快以便能乘到 2 路公交车
There isnt enough meat for us to eat.没有足够的肉够我们吃。 五.副词比较级和最高级的变化规则。(规则和不规则) 规则变化如下 构成规则 例词 tall-taller-tallest 一般情况,在单音节或 great-greater-greatest near-nearer-nearest 双音节词的词尾直接 加-er,-est hard-harder-hardest fast-faster-fastest 以不发音e结尾的单音 ge-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicest 节词,只加 e-later-latest 以重读闭音节结尾,并 且以一个元音字母加 hot-hotter-hottest 一个辅音字母结尾的 fat-fatter-fattest wet-wetter-wettest 单词,先双写最后这个 thin-thinner-thinnest 辅音字母,再加-er,-est
There isn't enough meat for us to eat. 没有足够的肉够我们吃。 五．副词比较级和最高级的变化规则。（规则和不规则） 规则变化如下： 构成规则 例词 一般情况，在单音节或 双音节词的词尾直接 加-er, -est tall—taller—tallest great—greater—greatest near—nearer—nearest soon—sooner—soonest hard—harder—hardest fast—faster—fastest 以不发音 e 结尾的单音 节词，只加-r, -st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest late—later—latest 以重读闭音节结尾，并 且以一个元音字母加 一个辅音字母结尾的 单词，先双写最后这个 辅音字母，再加-er，-est big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest fat—fatter—fattest wet—wetter—wettest thin—thinner—thinnest
happy-happier-happiest 以“辅音字母+y结尾的单 heavy-heavier-heaviest 词,把y改为i,再加-er,-et easy--easier-easiest early-earlier-earliest 大部分双音节词和多 friendly--more friendly-most friendly relaxed-more relaxed-most relaxed 音节词,在原级前面加 Important--more important--most more,most来构成比较 级和最高级 carefully-more carefully-most carefully 构成规则 例词 以形容词加y构成的 quickly-more quickly-most quickly 副词,在原形前加 easily-more easily-most easily more,most构成比较级 early-more clearly-most clearly 和最高级 不规则变化如下 比较级 最高级 good, well etter best bad, ill, badly worse worst many, much more most
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单 词，把 y 改为 i, 再加-er, -est happy—happier—happiest heavy—heavier—heaviest easy—easier—easiest early—earlier—earliest 大部分双音节词和多 音节词，在原级前面加 more, most 来构成比较 级和最高级 friendly—more friendly—most friendly relaxed—more relaxed—most relaxed important—more important—most carefully—more carefully—most carefully 构成规则 例词 以形容词加-ly 构成的 副词，在原形前加 more, most 构成比较级 和最高级 quickly—more quickly—most quickly easily—more easily—most easily clearly—more clearly—most clearly 不规则变化如下： 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill, badly worse worst many, much more most
farther(距离上的更远) farthest(距离上 further(程度上的更深 furthest(程度上E der(年龄) oldest(年龄) elder(长幼顺序) eldest(长幼顺序
little less least far farther (距离上的更远) farthest (距离上的最远) further (程度上的更深 远) furthest (程度上的最深 远) old older (年龄) oldest (年龄) elder (长幼顺序) eldest (长幼顺序)