Business Intelligence, 4e(shardaDelen/Turban) Chapter 3 Descriptive Analytics I: Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing 1)The BPm development cycle is essentially a one-shot process where the requirement is to get it right the first time Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170 2)The"islands of data"problem in the 1980s describes the phenomenon of unconnected data being stored in numerous locations within an organization Ansy RUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 132 3)Subject oriented databases for data warehousing are organized by detailed subjects such as disk drives, computers, and networks Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133 4) Data warehouses are subsets of data marts Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134 5)One way an operational data store differs from a data warehouse is the recency of their data Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 6) Organizations seldom devote a lot of effort to creating metadata because it is not important for the effective use of data warehouses Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 7)Without middleware, different bI programs cannot easily connect to the data warehouse Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 139 8)Two-tier data warehouse/BI infrastructures offer organizations more flexibility but cost more than three-tier ones Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 140 9) Moving the data into a data warehouse is usually the easiest part of its creation Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
1 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Business Intelligence, 4e (Sharda/Delen/Turban) Chapter 3 Descriptive Analytics II: Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing 1) The BPM development cycle is essentially a one-shot process where the requirement is to get it right the first time. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170 2) The "islands of data" problem in the 1980s describes the phenomenon of unconnected data being stored in numerous locations within an organization. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 132 3) Subject oriented databases for data warehousing are organized by detailed subjects such as disk drives, computers, and networks. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133 4) Data warehouses are subsets of data marts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134 5) One way an operational data store differs from a data warehouse is the recency of their data. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 6) Organizations seldom devote a lot of effort to creating metadata because it is not important for the effective use of data warehouses. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 7) Without middleware, different BI programs cannot easily connect to the data warehouse. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 139 8) Two-tier data warehouse/BI infrastructures offer organizations more flexibility but cost more than three-tier ones. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 140 9) Moving the data into a data warehouse is usually the easiest part of its creation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141
0)The hub-and-spoke data warehouse model uses a centralized warehouse feeding dependent data marts Answer: TRUE Diff:2 Page Ref: 142 11) Because of performance and data quality issues, most experts agree that the federated architecture should supplement data warehouses, not replace them Answer: TRUE Diff:2 Page Ref: 144 12) Bill Inmon advocates the data mart bus architecture whereas Ralph Kimball promotes the hub-and-spoke architecture a data mart bus architecture with conformed dimensions Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 144 13)Properly integrating data from various databases and other disparate sources is a trivial process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 146 14)With key performance indicators, driver KPIs have a significant effect on outcome KPIs, but the reverse is not necessarily true Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 176 15)With the balanced scorecard approach, the entire focus is on measuring and managing specific financial goals based on the organization's strategy Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 177 16)OLTP systems are designed to handle ad hoc analysis and complex queries that deal with many data items Answer: FALSE Diff:2 Page Ref: 158 17) The data warehousing maturity model consists of six stages: prenatal, infant, child, teenager dult, and sage Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 160-161 18)User-initiated navigation of data through disaggregation is referred to as"drill up Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 159 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
2 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) The hub-and-spoke data warehouse model uses a centralized warehouse feeding dependent data marts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 142 11) Because of performance and data quality issues, most experts agree that the federated architecture should supplement data warehouses, not replace them. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 144 12) Bill Inmon advocates the data mart bus architecture whereas Ralph Kimball promotes the hub-and-spoke architecture, a data mart bus architecture with conformed dimensions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 144 13) Properly integrating data from various databases and other disparate sources is a trivial process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 146 14) With key performance indicators, driver KPIs have a significant effect on outcome KPIs, but the reverse is not necessarily true. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 176 15) With the balanced scorecard approach, the entire focus is on measuring and managing specific financial goals based on the organization's strategy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 177 16) OLTP systems are designed to handle ad hoc analysis and complex queries that deal with many data items. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 158 17) The data warehousing maturity model consists of six stages: prenatal, infant, child, teenager, adult, and sage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 160-161 18) User-initiated navigation of data through disaggregation is referred to as "drill up." Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 159
19)Data warehouse administrators(dWas) do not need strong business insight since they only handle the technical aspect of the infrastructure Answer: FALSE Diff:2 Page Ref: 164 20)Because the recession has raised interest in low-cost open source software, it is now set to replace traditional enterprise software Answer FAlsE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165 21)Why is a performance management system superior to a performance measurement system? A)because performance measurement systems are only in their infancy B)because measurement automatically leads to problem solution C)because performance management systems cost more D)because measurement alone has little use without action Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 176-177 22)Operational or transaction databases are product oriented, handling transactions that update the database. In contrast data warehouses are A)subject-oriented and nonvolatile B)product-oriented and nonvolatile C) product-oriented and volatile D)subject-oriented and volatile Answer:A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 131 23 )Which kind of data warehouse is created separately from the enterprise data warehouse by a department and not reliant on it for updates? A)sectional data mart B)public data mart C)independent data mart D)volatile data mart Answer: C Diff:2 Page Ref: 134 24)Oper marts are created when operational data needs to be analyzed A)linearly B)in a dashboard C)unidimensional D)multidimensionally Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) Data warehouse administrators (DWAs) do not need strong business insight since they only handle the technical aspect of the infrastructure. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 164 20) Because the recession has raised interest in low-cost open source software, it is now set to replace traditional enterprise software. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165 21) Why is a performance management system superior to a performance measurement system? A) because performance measurement systems are only in their infancy B) because measurement automatically leads to problem solution C) because performance management systems cost more D) because measurement alone has little use without action Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 176-177 22) Operational or transaction databases are product oriented, handling transactions that update the database. In contrast, data warehouses are A) subject-oriented and nonvolatile. B) product-oriented and nonvolatile. C) product-oriented and volatile. D) subject-oriented and volatile. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 131 23) Which kind of data warehouse is created separately from the enterprise data warehouse by a department and not reliant on it for updates? A) sectional data mart B) public data mart C) independent data mart D) volatile data mart Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 24) Oper marts are created when operational data needs to be analyzed A) linearly. B) in a dashboard. C) unidimensionally. D) multidimensionally. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135
25)A Web client that connects to a Web server, which is in turn connected to a bI application server is reflective of a A)one-tier architecture B)two-tier architecture C)three-tier architecture D)four-tier architecture Answe C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 139 26)Which of the following BESt enables a data warehouse to handle complex queries and up to handle many more requests? A)use of the Web by users as a front-end B)parallel processing C) Microsoft Windows D)a larger IT staff answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 141 27)Which data warehouse architecture uses metadata from existing data warehouses to create a hybrid logical data warehouse comprised of data from the other warehouses? A)independent data marts architecture B)centralized data warehouse architecture C)hub-and-spoke data warehouse architecture D)federated architecture Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142 28)Which data warehouse architecture uses a normalized relational warehouse that feeds multiple data marts? A)independent data marts architecture B)centralized data warehouse architecture C)hub-and-spoke data warehouse architecture D)federated architecture Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142 29)Which approach to data warehouse integration focuses more on sharing process functionality than data across systems? A)extraction, transformation, and load B)enterprise application integration C)enterprise information integratio D)enterprise function integration Answer: B Diff:3 Page Ref: 147 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) A Web client that connects to a Web server, which is in turn connected to a BI application server, is reflective of a A) one-tier architecture. B) two-tier architecture. C) three-tier architecture. D) four-tier architecture. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 139 26) Which of the following BEST enables a data warehouse to handle complex queries and scale up to handle many more requests? A) use of the Web by users as a front-end B) parallel processing C) Microsoft Windows D) a larger IT staff Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 141 27) Which data warehouse architecture uses metadata from existing data warehouses to create a hybrid logical data warehouse comprised of data from the other warehouses? A) independent data marts architecture B) centralized data warehouse architecture C) hub-and-spoke data warehouse architecture D) federated architecture Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142 28) Which data warehouse architecture uses a normalized relational warehouse that feeds multiple data marts? A) independent data marts architecture B) centralized data warehouse architecture C) hub-and-spoke data warehouse architecture D) federated architecture Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142 29) Which approach to data warehouse integration focuses more on sharing process functionality than data across systems? A) extraction, transformation, and load B) enterprise application integration C) enterprise information integration D) enterprise function integration Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 147
is an evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a variety of sources. such as r elational databases. Web services and multidimensional databases A) Enterprise information integration(ElD) B) Enterprise application integration(EAI C)Extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) D)None of these Answe Diff: 3 Page Ref: 148 3 1)In which stage of extraction, transformation, and load(EtL) into a data warehouse are anomalies detected and corrected? A)transformation B)extraction D)cleanse Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 149 32)Data warehouses provide direct and indirect benefits to organizations. Which of the following is an indirect benefit of data warehouses? A)better and more timely information B)extensive new analyses performed by users C)simplified access to data D)improved customer service Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 150 33)All of the following are benefits of hosted data warehouses EXCEPT A)smaller upfront investment B) better quality hardware C)greater control of data D)frees up in-house systems Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 157 4)When representing data in a data warehouse, using several dimension tables that are each connected only to a fact table means you are using which warehouse structure? A)star schema B)snowflake schema C)relational schema D)dimensional schema Answer:A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 157 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
5 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 30) ________ is an evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a variety of sources, such as relational databases, Web services, and multidimensional databases. A) Enterprise information integration (EII) B) Enterprise application integration (EAI) C) Extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) D) None of these Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 148 31) In which stage of extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) into a data warehouse are anomalies detected and corrected? A) transformation B) extraction C) load D) cleanse Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 149 32) Data warehouses provide direct and indirect benefits to organizations. Which of the following is an indirect benefit of data warehouses? A) better and more timely information B) extensive new analyses performed by users C) simplified access to data D) improved customer service Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 150 33) All of the following are benefits of hosted data warehouses EXCEPT A) smaller upfront investment. B) better quality hardware. C) greater control of data. D) frees up in-house systems. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 157 34) When representing data in a data warehouse, using several dimension tables that are each connected only to a fact table means you are using which warehouse structure? A) star schema B) snowflake schema C) relational schema D) dimensional schema Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 157
35)When querying a dimensional database, a user went from summarized data to its underlying details. The function that served this purpose is A)dice B)slice C)roll- D)drill down Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 159 36)What is Six Sigma? A)a letter in the greek al phabet that statisticians use to measure process variability B)a methodology aimed at reducing the number of defects in a business process C)a methodology aimed at reducing the amount of variability in a business process D)a methodology aimed at measuring the amount of variability in a business process Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180 37)Real-time data warehousing can be used to support the highest level of decision making sophistication and power. The major feature that enables this in relation to handling the data is A)country of(data)origin B)nature of the data C)speed of data transfe D)source of the data Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 168 38)A large storage location that can hold vast quantities of data(mostly unstructured) in its native/raw format for future/potential analytics consumption is referred to as a(n) A)extended ASP B)data cloud C)data lake D)relational database Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 166 39) How does the use of cloud computing affect the scalability of a data warehouse? A)Cloud computing vendors bring as much hardware as needed to users' offices B) Hardware resources are dynamically allocated as use increases C)Cloud vendors are mostly based overseas where the cost of labor is low D)Cloud computing has little effect on a data warehouse's scalabilit Answer Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165-166 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
6 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 35) When querying a dimensional database, a user went from summarized data to its underlying details. The function that served this purpose is A) dice. B) slice. C) roll-up. D) drill down. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 159 36) What is Six Sigma? A) a letter in the Greek alphabet that statisticians use to measure process variability B) a methodology aimed at reducing the number of defects in a business process C) a methodology aimed at reducing the amount of variability in a business process D) a methodology aimed at measuring the amount of variability in a business process Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180 37) Real-time data warehousing can be used to support the highest level of decision making sophistication and power. The major feature that enables this in relation to handling the data is A) country of (data) origin. B) nature of the data. C) speed of data transfer. D) source of the data. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 168 38) A large storage location that can hold vast quantities of data (mostly unstructured) in its native/raw format for future/potential analytics consumption is referred to as a(n) A) extended ASP. B) data cloud. C) data lake. D) relational database. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 166 39) How does the use of cloud computing affect the scalability of a data warehouse? A) Cloud computing vendors bring as much hardware as needed to users' offices. B) Hardware resources are dynamically allocated as use increases. C) Cloud vendors are mostly based overseas where the cost of labor is low. D) Cloud computing has little effect on a data warehouse's scalability. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165-166
40) All of the following are true about in-database processing technology EXCEPt A)it pushes the algorithms to where the data is B)it makes the response to queries much faster than conventional databases C)it is often used for apps like credit card fraud detection and investment risk management D)it is the same as in-memory storage technology Ar nswer Diff: 3 Page Ref: 169 41)A(n) data store(ODS) provides a fairly recent form of customer information file Ar nswer o Diff: 2 Ref: 135 42)In oriented data warehousing, operational databases are tuned to handle transactions that update the database Answer: product Diff:2 Page Ref: 134 43)The three main types of data warehouses are data marts, operational data warehouse answer: data stores Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 describe the structure and meaning of the data, contributing to their effective use Answer: Metadata Diff: 1 Page Ref: 135 45)Most data warehouses are built using database management systems to control and manage the data Answer: relational Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141 46)A(n) architecture is used to build a scalable and maintainable infrastructure that includes a centralized data warehouse and several dependent data marts Answer: hub-and-spoke Diff: 2 Page Ref: 142 47)The data warehouse architecture involves integrating disparate systems and analytical resources from multiple sources to meet changing needs or business conditions Answer: federated Diff:2 Page Ref: 142 48)Data comprises data access, data federation, and cha Answer: integrati Diff:3 Page Ref: 146 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
7 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) All of the following are true about in-database processing technology EXCEPT A) it pushes the algorithms to where the data is. B) it makes the response to queries much faster than conventional databases. C) it is often used for apps like credit card fraud detection and investment risk management. D) it is the same as in-memory storage technology. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 169 41) A(n) ________ data store (ODS) provides a fairly recent form of customer information file. Answer: operational Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 42) In ________ oriented data warehousing, operational databases are tuned to handle transactions that update the database. Answer: product Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 43) The three main types of data warehouses are data marts, operational ________, and enterprise data warehouses. Answer: data stores Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 44) ________ describe the structure and meaning of the data, contributing to their effective use. Answer: Metadata Diff: 1 Page Ref: 135 45) Most data warehouses are built using ________ database management systems to control and manage the data. Answer: relational Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141 46) A(n) ________ architecture is used to build a scalable and maintainable infrastructure that includes a centralized data warehouse and several dependent data marts. Answer: hub-and-spoke Diff: 2 Page Ref: 142 47) The ________ data warehouse architecture involves integrating disparate systems and analytical resources from multiple sources to meet changing needs or business conditions. Answer: federated Diff: 2 Page Ref: 142 48) Data ________ comprises data access, data federation, and change capture. Answer: integration Diff: 3 Page Ref: 146
is a mechanism that integrates application functionality and shares functionality (rather than data)across systems, thereby enabling flexibility and reuse Answer: Enterprise application integration (EAl) Diff:3 Page Ref: 147 50) is a mechanism for pulling data from source systems to satisfy a request for information. It is an evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a variety of sources. such as relational databases Web services and multidimensional databases Answer: Enterprise information integration(Ell Diff:3 Page Ref: 148 51) Performing extensive to move data to the data warehouse may be a sign of poorly managed data and a fundamental lack of a coherent data management strategy Answer: extraction, transformation, and load (etl) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 149 52)The Model, also known as the EDw approach, emphasizes top-down development, employing established database development methodologies and tools, such entity-relationship diagrams(ERD), and an adjustment of the spiral development approach Answer: Inmon Diff: 2 Page Ref: 153-154 53)The Model, also known as the data mart approach, is a"plan big, build small down version of a data warehouse that focuses on the requests of a specific department, sucha a? approach. a data mart is a subject-oriented or department-oriented data warehouse. It is a scal marketing or sales Answer: Kimball Diff: 2 modeling is a retrieval-based system that supports high-volume query access Answer: Dimensiona Diff: 2 Page Ref: 156 55)A(n) data mart is a subset that is created directly from the data warehouse Answer: dependent Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134 56)Online is a term used for a transaction system that is primarily responsible for capturing and storing data related to day-to-day business functions such as ERP, CRM, SCM and point of sale Answer: transaction processing Diff: 2 Page Ref: 158 57) Given that the size of data warehouses is expanding at an exponential rate Important issue Answer: scalability Diff: 2 Page Ref: 163 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
8 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 49) ________ is a mechanism that integrates application functionality and shares functionality (rather than data) across systems, thereby enabling flexibility and reuse. Answer: Enterprise application integration (EAI) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 147 50) ________ is a mechanism for pulling data from source systems to satisfy a request for information. It is an evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a variety of sources, such as relational databases, Web services, and multidimensional databases. Answer: Enterprise information integration (EII) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 148 51) Performing extensive ________ to move data to the data warehouse may be a sign of poorly managed data and a fundamental lack of a coherent data management strategy. Answer: extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 149 52) The ________ Model, also known as the EDW approach, emphasizes top-down development, employing established database development methodologies and tools, such as entity-relationship diagrams (ERD), and an adjustment of the spiral development approach. Answer: Inmon Diff: 2 Page Ref: 153-154 53) The ________ Model, also known as the data mart approach, is a "plan big, build small" approach. A data mart is a subject-oriented or department-oriented data warehouse. It is a scaleddown version of a data warehouse that focuses on the requests of a specific department, such as marketing or sales. Answer: Kimball Diff: 2 Page Ref: 154 54) ________ modeling is a retrieval-based system that supports high-volume query access. Answer: Dimensional Diff: 2 Page Ref: 156 55) A(n) ________ data mart is a subset that is created directly from the data warehouse.. Answer: dependent Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134 56) Online ________ is a term used for a transaction system that is primarily responsible for capturing and storing data related to day-to-day business functions such as ERP, CRM, SCM, and point of sale. Answer: transaction processing Diff: 2 Page Ref: 158 57) Given that the size of data warehouses is expanding at an exponential rate, ________ is an important issue. Answer: scalability Diff: 2 Page Ref: 163
58) The role responsible for successful administration and management of a data warehouse is the who should be familiar with high-performance software, hardware, and networking technologies, and also possesses solid business insight Answer: data warehouse administrator (DWa) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59) or"The Extended ASP Model, "is a creative way of deploying information stem applications where the provider licenses its applications to customers for use as a service on demand (usually over the Internet) Answer: SaaS(software as a service) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165 60) (also called in-database analytics)refers to the integration of the algorithmic extent of data analytics into data warehouse Answer: In-database processing Diff:2 Page Ref: 169 61)What is the definition of a data warehouse(dw) in simple terms? Answer: In simple terms, a data warehouse(DW)is a pool of data produced to support decision making, it is also a repository of current and historical data of potential interest to managers throughout the organization Diff:2 Page Ref: 131 9 Copyright o 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
9 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 58) The role responsible for successful administration and management of a data warehouse is the ________, who should be familiar with high-performance software, hardware, and networking technologies, and also possesses solid business insight. Answer: data warehouse administrator (DWA) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 164 59) ________, or "The Extended ASP Model," is a creative way of deploying information system applications where the provider licenses its applications to customers for use as a service on demand (usually over the Internet). Answer: SaaS (software as a service) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165 60) ________ (also called in-database analytics) refers to the integration of the algorithmic extent of data analytics into data warehouse. Answer: In-database processing Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169 61) What is the definition of a data warehouse (DW) in simple terms? Answer: In simple terms, a data warehouse (DW) is a pool of data produced to support decision making; it is also a repository of current and historical data of potential interest to managers throughout the organization. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 131
62)A common way of introducing data warehousing is to refer to its fundamental characteristics Describe three characteristics of data warehousing Ans Subject oriented. Data are organized by detailed subject, such as sales, products, or customers, containing only information relevant for decision support data from different sources into a consistent format To do so, they must deal with naming ace Integrated. Integration is closely related to subject orientation. Data warehouses must place conflicts and discrepancies among units of measure. a data warehouse is presumed to be totally Time variant( time series). A warehouse maintains historical data. The data do not ecessarily provide current status(except in real-time systems). They detect trends, deviations, and long-term relationships for forecasting and comparisons, leading to decision making. Every data warehouse has a temporal quality. Time is the one important dimension that all data warehouses must support. Data for analysis from multiple sources contains multiple time points (e.g, daily, weekly, monthly views) Nonvolatile. After data are entered into a data warehouse, users cannot change or update the data. Obsolete data are discarded. and changes are recorded as new data Web based. Data warehouses are typically designed to provide vironment for Web-based applications Relational/multidimensional. a data warehouse uses either a relational structure or a multidimensional structure. a recent survey on multidimensional structures can be found in Romero and abello (2009) Client/server. a data warehouse uses the client/server architecture to provide easy access for end users Real time. Newer data warehouses provide real-time, or active, data-access and analysis capabilities(see Basu, 2003; and Bonde and Kuckuk, 2004) Include metadata. a data warehouse contains metadata( data about data) about how the data are organized and how to effectively use them Diff:3 Page Ref: 133-134 63)What is the definition of a data mart? Answer: A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse, typically consisting of a single subject area (e.g, marketing, operations). Whereas a data warehouse combines databases across an entir enterprise, a data mart is usually smaller and focuses on a particular subject or department Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 64) Mehra(2005)indicated that few organizations really understand metadata, and fewer understand how to design and implement a metadata strategy How would you describe metadata? Answer: Metadata are data about data. Metadata describe the structure of and some m about data, thereby contributing to their effective or ineffective use Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135 Copyright C 2018 Pearson Education, Inc
10 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 62) A common way of introducing data warehousing is to refer to its fundamental characteristics. Describe three characteristics of data warehousing. Answer: • Subject oriented. Data are organized by detailed subject, such as sales, products, or customers, containing only information relevant for decision support. • Integrated. Integration is closely related to subject orientation. Data warehouses must place data from different sources into a consistent format. To do so, they must deal with naming conflicts and discrepancies among units of measure. A data warehouse is presumed to be totally integrated. • Time variant (time series). A warehouse maintains historical data. The data do not necessarily provide current status (except in real-time systems). They detect trends, deviations, and long-term relationships for forecasting and comparisons, leading to decision making. Every data warehouse has a temporal quality. Time is the one important dimension that all data warehouses must support. Data for analysis from multiple sources contains multiple time points (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly views). • Nonvolatile. After data are entered into a data warehouse, users cannot change or update the data. Obsolete data are discarded, and changes are recorded as new data. • Web based. Data warehouses are typically designed to provide an efficient computing environment for Web-based applications. • Relational/multidimensional. A data warehouse uses either a relational structure or a multidimensional structure. A recent survey on multidimensional structures can be found in Romero and Abelló (2009). • Client/server. A data warehouse uses the client/server architecture to provide easy access for end users. • Real time. Newer data warehouses provide real-time, or active, data-access and analysis capabilities (see Basu, 2003; and Bonde and Kuckuk, 2004). • Include metadata. A data warehouse contains metadata (data about data) about how the data are organized and how to effectively use them. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 133-134 63) What is the definition of a data mart? Answer: A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse, typically consisting of a single subject area (e.g., marketing, operations). Whereas a data warehouse combines databases across an entire enterprise, a data mart is usually smaller and focuses on a particular subject or department. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 64) Mehra (2005) indicated that few organizations really understand metadata, and fewer understand how to design and implement a metadata strategy. How would you describe metadata? Answer: Metadata are data about data. Metadata describe the structure of and some meaning about data, thereby contributing to their effective or ineffective use. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135
