Bilingual Course Network Communications 网络通信 For Master Students in the Department of Electronic Engineering) Chapter 3 Data Transmission Instructor: Dr. Tianshuang Qiu School of the Electronic and Information Engineering Fall of 2004
1 Bilingual Course Network Communications 网络通信 (For Master Students in the Department of Electronic Engineering) Chapter 3 Data Transmission Instructor: Dr. Tianshuang Qiu School of the Electronic and Information Engineering Fall of 2004
83-1 Concepts and Terminologies Expressions of signals In time domain Continuous time signal x(1) Discrete time signal x(n) Periodic signal x((=x(t+r) x(n)=x(n+) Aperiodic signal In frequency domain Fourier series x(t)e Joo'dt Fourier transform X(o)=x(t)e o dt Discrete fourier series a=x2xinje Discrete Fourier transform r(k)=>xne mt Discrete time fourier transform x(e)=∑xnlm n=-00 Fast Fourier transform 2
2 §3-1 Concepts and Terminologies ◼ Expressions of signals ◼ In time domain ◼ Continuous time signal ◼ Discrete time signal ◼ Periodic signal ◼ Aperiodic signal ◼ In frequency domain ◼ Fourier series ◼ Fourier transform ◼ Discrete Fourier series ◼ Discrete time Fourier transform ◼ Discrete Fourier transform ◼ Fast Fourier transform x(t) x(n) x(t) = x(t + T) x(n) = x(n + N) x t t T a T jk t k ( )e d 1 0 − = − − X j = x t t j t ( ) ( )e d = − = n N jk n k x n e N a 0 [ ] 1 =− − = m j j t X e x n e ( ) [ ] − = − = 1 0 2 ( ) [ ] N n N nk j X k x n e
Relations ■连续←→非周期 离散→周期 x(1)←→>x{m] k k Y(jo)<-→)X(e1) X(s)<→X(z)
3 Relations ◼ 连续→非周期 ◼ 离散→周期 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] X s X z X j X e a a x t x n j k k → → → →
Examples of Signals and spectra(Figure 3.3, E.6) (a)A=1,f=1,9=0 b)A=0.5,f=1,中=0 sin) c)A=1,f=2,@=0 (d)A=1,f=1中=74 Figure 3.3 s(0)= A sin(2ft o)
4 Examples of Signals and spectra (Figure 3.3, E.6)
Figure 3.4 0.0T 0.5T 0.5T 1.0T 2.0T 0.0T (c)(4/r)lsin(2xf+(1/3)sin(2n(30) Figure 3.4 Addition of Frequency Components(T=1/n
5 Figure 3.4
20 22 Figure 3.6 1.5 00T .OT 157 20T (a)s()=1+(4x)sin(2rt)+l/3)sin(2(30 1.2 LESTE 10 (b)S( Figure 3.6 Signal with dc Component
6 Figure 3.6
Figure 3.5 (a)s()=(4/r)[sin(2rm)+(3sin(2m(300)l 1.2x 1.0X 0.8X 0.6X 0.4X 0.0X 0.2X 04X X72≤tsX2
7 Figure 3.5
Other Concepts Guided media(导向媒体) 电磁波或电信号由导线引导沿某一物理路径前进,例如双绞线 ( twisted pair),同轴电缆( coaxial cable),光纤( optical fiber) Unguided media(非导向媒体) 不限定传播方向,例如真空( Vacuum),空气,海水等 Direct Link(直接链路) 指两个设备之间直接传输的路径 Point-to- Point(点对点) 两个设备之间有直接链路,且被二者共享 Multipoint(多点) 两个以上设备共享同一媒体
8 Other Concepts ◼ Guided media(导向媒体) ◼ 电磁波或电信号由导线引导沿某一物理路径前进,例如双绞线 (twisted pair),同轴电缆(coaxial cable),光纤(optical fiber) ◼ Unguided media(非导向媒体) ◼ 不限定传播方向,例如真空(vacuum),空气,海水等 ◼ Direct Link(直接链路) ◼ 指两个设备之间直接传输的路径 ◼ Point-to-Point(点对点) ◼ 两个设备之间有直接链路,且被二者共享 ◼ Multipoint (多点) ◼ 两个以上设备共享同一媒体
The relations between the Bandwidth and the data rate 信号的带宽:信号频谱的最高频率与最低频率之差; 数据率:数据产生(传输)的速率 二者的关系 信号的数据率越高,其有效带宽越宽 系统的带宽越宽,其所能传输的数据率越高 数字波形的带宽是无限的,而媒体的带宽不可能无限; 对于媒体,带宽越宽,费用越高; ■通常将数字信息近似为带宽有限信号(参见 Figure3.7(c),in P77); 系统带宽的限制,引起信号的失真,不易恢复,会引起差错: 信号的数据率越高,信号的有效带宽越宽; 若传输系统的带宽越宽,则能够传输的数据率越高
9 The relations between the Bandwidth and the Data rate ◼ 信号的带宽:信号频谱的最高频率与最低频率之差; ◼ 数据率:数据产生(传输)的速率; ◼ 二者的关系: ◼ 信号的数据率越高,其有效带宽越宽; ◼ 系统的带宽越宽,其所能传输的数据率越高。 ◼ 数字波形的带宽是无限的,而媒体的带宽不可能无限; ◼ 对于媒体,带宽越宽,费用越高; ◼ 通常将数字信息近似为带宽有限信号(参见Figure 3.7(c), in P.77); ◼ 系统带宽的限制,引起信号的失真,不易恢复,会引起差错; ◼ 信号的数据率越高,信号的有效带宽越宽; ◼ 若传输系统的带宽越宽,则能够传输的数据率越高
n方波的周期T=1/f1(f1是基频) 每个bt的持续时间为Tb=T/2=1/2f1 数据率=2/T=2f1
10 ◼ 例 ◼ 方波的周期T=1/f1 (f1是基频) ◼ 每个bit的持续时间为Tb=T/2=1/2f1 ◼ 数据率=2/T=2f1 T 1 0 1