1OS映像和密码恢复 IOS Image and Password Recovery ,厦 Cisco.com 深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业 006,Shenzhen Polytechnic.All rights reserved
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 1 IOS映像和密码恢复 IOS Image and Password Recovery 深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业
教学目标(Objectives) Cisco.com 1.路由器启动顺序(Router Startup Sequence) 2.路由器加载OS顺序 (Router Load IOS Sequence 3.配置路由器寄存器 (Configuring Router Configuration Register 4.路由器密码破解(Router Password Recovery) 5.1OS和配置文件备份 (Backup IOS and Configuration File) 6.1OS的恢复或升级 Recovery or Upgrade IOS 2006,ShenzhenPolytechnic.Allrights reserved
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 2 教学目标（ Objectives ） 1.路由器启动顺序（Router Startup Sequence ） 2.路由器加载IOS顺序 （Router Load IOS Sequence ） 3.配置路由器寄存器 （Configuring Router Configuration Register ） 4.路由器密码破解（Router Password Recovery） 5. IOS和配置文件备份 （Backup IOS and Configuration File） 6. IOS的恢复或升级 （ Recovery or Upgrade IOS ）
Cisco IOS 厦 Cisco.com Internetwork Operating Cisco IOS System Software 互联网操作系统
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 3 Cisco IOS Internetwork Operating System Software 互联网操作系统 Cisco IOS
启动顺序预览(An Overview of System Startup) IIIIIIIE Cisco.com ·上电自检(Power on self test(POST) ·装载引导程序(Load and run bootstrap code) ·查找IOS(Find the IOS software) ·装载IOS(Load the lOS software) ·查找配置文件(Find the configuration) ·装载配置文件(Load the configuration) ·运行(Run)
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 4 启动顺序预览（An Overview of System Startup） • 上电自检（Power on self test (POST)） • 装载引导程序（Load and run bootstrap code） • 查找IOS（Find the IOS software） • 装载IOS（ Load the IOS software） • 查找配置文件（Find the configuration） • 装载配置文件（Load the configuration） • 运行（Run）
启动顺序(Startup Sequence ) 夏 Cisco.com RAM ROM Bootstrap 装载启动程序Load Bootstrap Flash 装载1OS Cisco Locate and Load TFTP Server Internetwork Operating System Operating ROM System NVRAM 装载配置文件或 进入Setup模式 TFTP Server Configuration Locate and Load File Configuration File or Console Enter Setup Mode 2006,ShenzhenPolytechnic.Allrights reserved
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 5 启动顺序（ Startup Sequence ） RAM ROM Bootstrap 装载启动程序Load Bootstrap TFTP Server Flash ROM Cisco Internetwork Operating System 装载IOS Locate and Load Operating System Console TFTP Server NVRAM Configuration File 装载配置文件或 进入Setup模式 Locate and Load Configuration File or Enter Setup Mode
加载IOS顺序(Load IOS Sequence) WWWI Cisco.com show startup-config NVRAM Config register show 配置寄存器 version Console 1.在配置文件中，boot system命令指定了查找顺序，路由器会依次使用 Global configuration mode boot system commands can be specified to enter fallback sources for the router to use in sequence.The router will use these commands as needed,in sequence,when it restarts. 2.否则，路由器会使用自己的Flash中的1OS软件 If NVRAM lacks boot system commands that the router can use,the system by default uses the Cisco IOS software in flash memory
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 6 加载 IOS顺序（ Load IOS Sequence ） show version show startup-config Console Config register 配置寄存器 NVRAM 1.在配置文件中，boot system命令指定了查找顺序，路由器会依次使用 Global configuration mode boot system commands can be specified to enter fallback sources for the router to use in sequence. The router will use these commands as needed, in sequence, when it restarts. 2.否则，路由器会使用自己的Flash中的IOS软件 If NVRAM lacks boot system commands that the router can use, the system by default uses the Cisco IOS software in flash memory
定位IOS(Locating the Cisco IOS Software) AIIIIIE Cisco.com 配置寄存器(Configuration Registers) 更改NVRAM中的寄存器，会改变Cisco IOS软件的基本选项，可以指定从哪里引导IOS Router#configure terminal Router(config)#boot system flash Ios_filename Router(config)#boot system tftp Ios_filename tftp_address Router(config)#boot system rom [Ctrl-2] Router#copy running-config startup-config Boot system commands not found In NVRAM Get default Cisco IOS software from Flash Flash memory empty Get default Cisco IOS software from TFTP server From ROM 006,ShenzhenPolytechnic.Allrightsrs
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 7 定位IOS（ Locating the Cisco IOS Software） 配置寄存器（ Configuration Registers ） 更改NVRAM中的寄存器，会改变Cisco IOS软件的基本选项，可以指定从哪里引导IOS Router# configure terminal Router(config)# boot system flash IOS_filename Router(config)# boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_address Router(config)# boot system rom [Ctrl-Z] Router# copy running-config startup-config Boot system commands not found In NVRAM Get default Cisco IOS software from Flash Flash memory empty Get default Cisco IOS software from TFTP server From ROM
ROM功能(ROM Functions) Cisco.com ROM Bootstrap POST show version ROM MinilOS Console monitor Mini IOS一RXBOOT模式 ROM monitor-—ROMMON模式 2006,ShenzhenPolytechnic.Allrights reserved
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 8 ROM功能（ ROM Functions ） ROM Bootstrap Mini IOS ROM monitor POST show version Console Mini IOS——RXBOOT模式 ROM monitor——ROMMON模式
查看当前配置寄存器的值 Determining the Current Configuration Register Value) d Cisco.com Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-I-M),Version 12.2(8)T1,RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2) TAC Support:http://www.cisco.com/tac Copyright(c)1986-2002 by cisco Systems,Inc. Compiled Sat 30-Mar-02 20:08 by ccai Image text-base:0x80008074,data-base:0x80A29E20 ROM:System Bootstrap,Version 12.2(7r)[cmong 7r],RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1) Router uptime is 5 minutes System returned to ROM by reload System image file is "flash:c2600-i-mz.122-8.T1.bin" Configuration register is 0x2102 200,ShenzhenPolytechnic.Allrights reserved
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 9 查看当前配置寄存器的值 （Determining the Current Configuration Register Value） Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(8)T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2) TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Sat 30-Mar-02 20:08 by ccai Image text-base: 0x80008074, data-base: 0x80A29E20 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.2(7r) [cmong 7r], RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 5 minutes System returned to ROM by reload System image file is "flash:c2600-i-mz.122-8.T1.bin“ …… Configuration register is 0x2102
配置寄存器组成(Component of Configuration Registers) wwwccm Cisco.com 寄存器组成：4位16进制 格式：0xABCD 15141312 111098 7654 3210 A 实例 2 0 2 Console口 D:启动域 速率设定表 C:使得系统软件忽略NVRAM中的内容，关键位“6” 1211速率 (1)值为0，当路由器启动后会从NVRAM里面的配 0 置文件调到RAM里运行 0 9600 0 1 4800 (2)值为1，路由器启动后会忽略NVRAM的配置 1 01200 A:13位，网络启动次数，值为1一一5次 值为0一无数次 12400 10
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 10 配置寄存器组成（Component of Configuration Registers ） 寄存器组成：4位16进制 格式：0xABCD A B C D D: 启动域 C：使得系统软件忽略NVRAM中的内容 ，关键位“6” （1）值为０,当路由器启动后会从ＮＶＲＡＭ里面的配 置文件调到ＲＡＭ里运行 （2）值为１，路由器启动后会忽略ＮＶＲＡＭ的配置 A：13位，网络启动次数，值为1——5次 值为0——无数次 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 实例 2 1 0 2 Console口 速率设定表 12 11 速率 0 0 9600 0 1 4800 1 0 1200 1 1 2400