Pesticides poisoningHeliang LiuProfessor of Occupational MedicinePublic Health School,HeBei United University
Pesticides poisoning Heliang Liu Professor of Occupational Medicine Public Health School, HeBei United University
河北省省级精品课程农药中毒刘和亮河北联合大学公共卫生学院
农 药 中 毒 刘 和 亮 河北省省级精品课程 河北联合大学公共卫生学院
IntroductionWhatispesticides?Pesticides are chemicals that we use to killundesirableorganisms
Introduction What is pesticides? Pesticides are chemicals that we use to kill undesirable organisms
农药：用于预防、消灭或者控制危害农林牧业生产的有害生物和调节植物生长的化学药品。广义的农药还包括有目的地调节植物与昆虫生长发育、杀灭家畜体外寄生虫和人类公共环境中有害物质的药物
农药： 用于预防、消灭或者控制危害农林牧业生产的有害 生物和调节植物生长的化学药品。广义的农药还包括有 目的地调节植物与昆虫生长发育、杀灭家畜体外寄生虫 和人类公共环境中有害物质的药物
Definition-SimpleThe function of a pesticideis to killorharmsomeformoflife.Definition-EPA..apesticideisany substanceormixtureofsubstances intended for preventing,destroying,repelling,or mitigatingany pest."...a pest is any harmful, destructive, or troublesomeanimal,plantor microorganism."USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)
Definition - Simple The function of a pesticide is to kill or harm some form of life. “.a pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.” “.a pest is any harmful, destructive, or troublesome animal, plant or microorganism.” US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Definition - EPA
AncientAwarenessHistory recordsmanyexamplesof plaguesandeffortsto controlthem1000BCChinaSulfur（硫）usedasafumigant（熏蒸消毒剂）tokillbacteriaandfungusSulfuris widely used today,e.g.protecting spoilageinwinebarrelsandwine
➢ History records many examples of plagues and efforts to control them ➢ 1000 BC China Sulfur（硫）used as a fumigant（熏 蒸消毒剂） to kill bacteria and fungus ➢ Sulfur is widely used today, e.g. protecting spoilage in wine barrels and wine. Ancient Awareness
HistoricalAwareness1690-Nicotine（尼古丁）-waterextractedfromtobaccoleavessprayed on plantsas insecticide1700'SStrychnine（马钱子碱）-extractedfromplant used to kill rodents1800s-Arsenictrioxide（三氧化二砷）-weedkiller1800's-Rotenone（鱼藤酮）一extractedfromplants as insecticide1800's-Pyrethrum（除虫菊）-extractedfromchrysanthemum（菊花）asinsecticide1900's-lead arsenate-orchard insecticide
➢ 1690 – Nicotine（尼古丁）- water extracted from tobacco leaves sprayed on plants as insecticide ➢ 1700’s – Strychnine（马钱子碱）– extracted from plant used to kill rodents ➢ 1800’s – Arsenic trioxide（三氧化二砷）– weed killer ➢ 1800’s – Rotenone （鱼藤酮）– extracted from plants as insecticide ➢ 1800’s – Pyrethrum（除虫菊 ）– extracted from chrysanthemum（菊花） as insecticide ➢ 1900’s – lead arsenate – orchard insecticide Historical Awareness
Earlyenvironmentalism"There was once a town in the heart of America where all lifeseemed toliveinharmony with its surroundings. Thetown lay inthemidstofacheckerboard ofprosperous farms,with fieldsof grainandhillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds ofbloom driftedabovethegreenfields"Inautumn,oakand mapleandbirchsetupablazeof colourthatflamed and flickered acrossa backdrop of pines. Thefoxesbarked inthehillsand deersilentlycross thefields,halfhiddeninthemists oftheautumnmorningsRachelCarson,SilentSpring,1962
Early environmentalism “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. “In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. The foxes barked in the hills and deer silently cross the fields, half hidden in the mists of the autumn mornings .” Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962
What Is This?HCCICICCI3
What Is This? Cl C H CCl3
DDTH一CICICCl3Organochlorine insecticide（有机氯杀虫剂）1945controlofmosquitoesEffectivebutverypersistentVerysolubleinfatDamaged birdeggs
DDT • Organochlorine insecticide • 1945 control of mosquitoes • Effective but very persistent • Very soluble in fat • Damaged bird eggs Cl C Cl H CCl3 (有机氯杀虫剂)