Chapter Two The United States of America Learning Goals To know more about America and American culture. ◆ To have better ideas of vocational education and tourism in America. To find out interesting food habits of Americans. 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Chapter Two The United States of America Learning Goals ◆ To know more about America and American culture. ◆ To have better ideas of vocational education and tourism in America. ◆ To find out interesting food habits of Americans
Chapter Two The United States of America Section A Exploring the World Section B Broadening My Horizon Section C Reading for Pleasure 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Chapter Two The United States of America Section A Exploring the World Section B Broadening My Horizon Section C Reading for Pleasure
Section A Exploring the World Leading In What do you know about the following pictures? 大连理工大学出版社 图①四
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Leading In What do you know about the following pictures?
Section A Exploring the World Text AA Brief Introduction to the USA Note The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States,the U.S.,the USA,or America)is a federal constitutional republicl comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is situated mostly in central North America,where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C.,the capital district,lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent,with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.The country also possesses several territories,or insular areas,in the Caribbean and Pacific. The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont.The Appalachian Mountainsl21 divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest.The Mississippi-Missouri River,the world's fourth longest river system,runs mainly north-south through the heart of the country.The flat,fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west,interrupted by a highland region in the southeast.The Rocky Mountains,at the western edge of the Great Plains,extend north to south across the country,reaching an altitude of higher than 14,000 feet(4,300 m)in Colorado.Farther west is the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Mojave.Alaska's Mount McKinley is the country's tallest peak.Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands,and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands.The super volcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature. 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Text A A Brief Introduction to the USA The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic[1] comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D. C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, in the Caribbean and Pacific. The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains[2] divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi-Missouri River, the world’s fourth longest river system, runs mainly north- south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching an altitude of higher than 14, 000 feet (4, 300 m) in Colorado. Farther west is the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Mojave. Alaska’s Mount McKinley is the country’s tallest peak. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska’s Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The super volcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent’slargest volcanic feature. Note
Section A Exploring the World Text AA Brief Introduction to the USA Note The first known inhabitants of moder-day United States territory are believed to have arrived over a period of several thousand years beginning sometime prior to 15,000-50,000 years ago by crossing Beringial31 into Alaska.Solid evidence of these cultures settling in what would become the U.S.is dated to around 14,000 years ago. Columbus'men were the first who documented Old Worldersl4l to land in the territory of what is now the United States when they arrived in Puerto Rico during their second voyage in 1493.Juan Ponce de Leon,who arrived in Florida in 1513,is credited as being the first European to land in what is now the continental United States,although some evidence suggests that John Cabot might have reached what is presently New England in1498. In its beginnings,the United States of America consisted only of the Thirteen Colonies,which consisted of states occupying the same lands as when they were British colonies.American colonists fought off the British army in the American Revolutionary Warls1 of the 1770s and issued the Declaration of Independencel61 in 1776.Seven years later,the signing of the Treaty of Paris officially recognized independence from Britain. In the nineteenth century,westward expansion of United States territory began,in which the United States would occupy all the North American land east to west,from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.By 1912, with the admission of Arizona to the Union,the U.S.reached that goal.The outlying states of Alaska and Hawaii were both admitted in 1959 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Text A A Brief Introduction to the USA The first known inhabitants of modern-day United States territory are believed to have arrived over a period of several thousand years beginning sometime prior to 15, 000 —50, 000 years ago by crossing Beringia[3] into Alaska. Solid evidence of these cultures settling in what would become the U.S. is dated to around 14, 000 years ago. Columbus’ men were the first who documented Old Worlders[4] to land in the territory of what is now the United States when they arrived in Puerto Rico during their second voyage in 1493. Juan Ponce de León, who arrived in Florida in 1513, is credited as being the first European to land in what is now the continental United States, although some evidence suggests that John Cabot might have reached what is presently New England in 1498. In its beginnings, the United States of America consisted only of the Thirteen Colonies, which consisted of states occupying the same lands as when they were British colonies. American colonists fought off the British army in the American Revolutionary War[5] of the 1770s and issued the Declaration of Independence[6] in 1776. Seven years later, the signing of the Treaty of Paris officially recognized independence from Britain. In the nineteenth century, westward expansion of United States territory began, in which the United States would occupy all the North American land east to west, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. By 1912, with the admission of Arizona to the Union, the U.S. reached that goal. The outlying states of Alaska and Hawaii were both admitted in 1959. Note
Section A Exploring the World Text AA Brief Introduction to the USA Note Ratified in 1788,the Constitution serves as the supreme American law in organizing the government;the Supreme Courtl7 is responsible for upholding Constitutional law.Many forms of social progress started in the nineteenth century;those advancements have been widely reflected in the Constitution.Slavery was abolished in 1865 by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution8];the following Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments respectively guaranteed citizenship for all the persons naturalized within U.S.territory and voting for people of all races.In later years,civil rights were extended to women and black Americans, following effective lobbying from social activists.The Nineteenth Amendment prohibited gender discrimination in voting rights;later,the Civil Rights Actl9 of 1964 outlawed racial gregationse in public places. The Progressive Eraliol marked a time of economic growth for the United States,advancing to the Roaring Twenties.However,the Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to the Great Depressionll,a time of economic downturn and mass unemployment.Consequently,the U.S.government established the New Deal,a series of reform programs that intended to assist those affected by the Depression.The New Deal had varied success. However,once the U.S.entered World War II in December 1941,the economy quickly recovered,so much that the U.S.became a world superpower by the dawn of the Cold War.During the Cold War,the U.S.and the Former Soviet Union were the world's two superpowers,but with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Former Soviet Union,the United States became the world's only superpower. 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Text A A Brief Introduction to the USA Ratified in 1788, the Constitution serves as the supreme American law in organizing the government; the Supreme Court[7] is responsible for upholding Constitutional law. Many forms of social progress started in the nineteenth century; those advancements have been widely reflected in the Constitution. Slavery was abolished in 1865 by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution[8] ; the following Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments respectively guaranteed citizenship for all the persons naturalized within U.S. territory and voting for people of all races. In later years, civil rights were extended to women and black Americans, following effective lobbying from social activists. The Nineteenth Amendment prohibited gender discrimination in voting rights; later, the Civil Rights Act[9] of 1964 outlawed racial gregationse in public places. The Progressive Era[10] marked a time of economic growth for the United States, advancing to the Roaring Twenties. However, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression[11] , a time of economic downturn and mass unemployment. Consequently, the U.S. government established the New Deal, a series of reform programs that intended to assist those affected by the Depression. The New Deal had varied success. However, once the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, the economy quickly recovered, so much that the U.S. became a world superpower by the dawn of the Cold War. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Former Soviet Union were the world’s two superpowers, but with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Former Soviet Union, the United States became the world’s only superpower. Note
Section A Exploring the World Text AA Brief Introduction to the USA Note What type of government rules the United States? The United States is a federal constitutional republic.It is the world's oldest surviving federation.A constitutional republic is a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people,and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens.The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S.Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.In the American federalist systeml21,citizens are usually subject to three levels of government,federal,state,and local;the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments.In almost all cases,executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district.There is no proportional representation at the federal level,and it is very rare at lower levels.Federal and state judicial and cabinet officials are typically nominated by the executive branch and approved by the legislature,although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.The House of Representativesl31 has 435 members,each representing a congressional district for a two-year term.House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Text A A Brief Introduction to the USA What type of government rulesthe United States? The United States is a federal constitutional republic. It is the world’s oldest surviving federation. A constitutional republic is a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government’s power over citizens. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country’s supreme legal document. In the American federalist system[12] , citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government’s duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels. Federal and state judicial and cabinet officials are typically nominated by the executive branch and approved by the legislature, although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote. The House of Representatives[13] has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. Note
Section A Exploring the World Text AA Brief Introduction to the USA Note The United States has a capitalist-mixed economy,which is fueled by abundant natural resources,a well-developed infrastructure,and high productivity.The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter,Canada,China,Mexico,Japan,and Germany are its top trading partners.The leading export commodity is electrical machinery,while vehicles constitute the leading import.The United States tops the overall ranking in the Global Competitiveness Reportl4.After an expansion that lasted just over six years, the U.S.economy has been in recession since December 2007. The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade;by net income it is finance and insurance.The United States remains an industrial power,with chemical products the leading manufacturing field.The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world,as well as its largest importer.It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy,as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur,phosphates,and salt.The United States is the world's top producer of com and soybeans.The New York Stock Exchange is the world's largest by dollar volume.Coca-Cola and MeDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.Wall Street is home to the New York Stock Exchange 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Text A A Brief Introduction to the USA The United States has a capitalist- mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well- developed infrastructure, and high productivity. The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. The leading export commodity is electrical machinery, while vehicles constitute the leading import. The United States tops the overall ranking in the Global Competitiveness Report[14] . After an expansion that lasted just over six years, the U.S. economy has been in recession since December 2007. The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is finance and insurance. The United States remains an industrial power, with chemical products the leading manufacturing field. The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer. It is the world’s number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. The United States is the world’s top producer of corn and soybeans. The New York Stock Exchange is the world’s largest by dollar volume. Coca-Cola and McDonald’s are the two most recognized brandsin the world.Wall Street is home to the New York Stock Exchange. Note
Section A Exploring the World Vocabulary Power contiguous a. 邻近的 archipelago n. 群岛，列岛 insular a. 岛的；岛民的；与世隔绝的 Caribbean n. 加勒比海 deciduous a. 脱落性的；落叶性的 prairie n. (尤指北美的)大草原 ratify vt. 批准，许可 municipal a. 市的，市政的 plurality n. 多数；复数 apportion vt. 分摊；分配 recession n. 后退；经济衰退 sulfur n. 硫磺 phosphate n. 磷酸酯 大连理工大学出版社 圈团①四
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Vocabulary Power contiguous a. 邻近的 archipelago n. 群岛,列岛 insular a. 岛的；岛民的；与世隔绝的 Caribbean n. 加勒比海 deciduous a. 脱落性的；落叶性的 prairie n. (尤指北美的)大草原 ratify vt. 批准,许可 municipal a. 市的,市政的 plurality n. 多数；复数 apportion vt. 分摊；分配 recession n. 后退；经济衰退 sulfur n. 硫磺 phosphate n. 磷酸酯
Section A Exploring the World Lesson Review Task 1 Fill in the blanks according to the text. 1. In the American federalist system,citizens are usually subject to three levels of govern-ment, and 2. The state of is in the northwest of the continent,with Canada to its east andRussia to the west across the 3. The local government's duties are commonly split between_ and governments. 4. The Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. 5. Juan Ponce de Leon,who arrived in Florida in 1513,is credited as being the Euro-pean to land in what is now the continental United States,although some evidence suggests that John Cabot might have reached what is presently in1498 大连理工大学出版社
大连理工大学出版社 Section A Exploring the World Lesson Review Task 1 Fill in the blanks according to the text. 1. In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of govern-ment, ______, ______ and _______. 2. The state of _________ is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east andRussia to the west across the _____________________. 3. The local government’s duties are commonly split between __________ and __________governments. 4. The __________ Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. 5. Juan Ponce de León, who arrived in Florida in 1513, is credited as being the ______ Euro-pean to land in what is now the continental United States, although some evidence suggests that John Cabot might have reached what is presently ______________________________ in 1498