41:Politics 1.The Importance of General Elections ◆ General elections are very important in the western democracy.According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders
41: Politics 1. The Importance of General Elections ◆ General elections are very important in the western democracy. According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders
42.The formation of the government ◆ 651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies(选区)in the UK.The party which holds a majority of those“seats“in parliament forms the government,with its party leader as the Prime Minister(首相)
42. The formation of the government ◆ 651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies (选区)in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats“ in parliament forms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister(首相)
43.Vote of no confidence ◆ This refers to a statement put forward by an MP-usually a member of an opposition party-for the House of Commons to vote on saying that "This house no longer has confidence in the Government."If the government loses a "vote of no confidence"in the House of Commons,that is,if a majority of MPs agree,then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resign and call a general election.An example of this happened in 1979 with the Labour government
43. Vote of no confidence ◆ This refers to a statement put forward by an MP - usually a member of an opposition party - for the House of Commons to vote on saying that "This house no longer has confidence in the Government." If the government loses a "vote of no confidence" in the House of Commons, that is, if a majority of MPs agree, then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resign and call a general election. An example of this happened in 1979 with the Labour government
44.The electoral campaigns Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public.The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers,door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and "party electoral broadcasts"on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents'policies.Therefore,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical
44. The electoral campaigns ◆ Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public. The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and "party electoral broadcasts" on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents' policies. Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical
45.The e Conservative party保 守党 The Conservative party is one of the two biggest parties in the U.K.It is basically the party of the individual,protecting the individual's right to acquire wealth and to spend it as he/she wants.It advocates economic policies which are favorable to businessmen, such as low taxes.From 1979 to 1997,the Conservative party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long period of time
45. The Conservative party保 守党 ◆ The Conservative party is one of the two biggest parties in the U.K. It is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual's right to acquire wealth and to spend it as he/she wants. It advocates economic policies which are favorable to businessmen, such as low taxes. From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long period of time
46.The Labor party.工党 The Labor party is one of the two biggest parties in the UK.It is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms,and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor.It also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people
46. The Labor party工党 ◆ The Labor party is one of the two biggest parties in the UK. It is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. It is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. It also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people
47.The Liberal Democrats 由民主党 The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party and often seen as a party of the "middle",occupying the ideological ground between the two major parties.They are comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social.They emphasize the need to change the Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable
47. The Liberal Democrats自 由民主党 ◆ The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party and often seen as a party of the "middle", occupying the ideological ground between the two major parties. They are comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social. They emphasize the need to change the Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable
48.Margaret Thatcher撒切尔 She came into power as Britain's first woman Prime Minister in 1979 when her Conservative party won the general election. She advocated the idea of small government and free-market economics.During her term as the Prime Minister,she carried out policies to privatize the nationalized industry and to cut tax rates.As a result,many businesses boomed but unemployment rate increased. She was later replaced by John Major(梅杰)in 1990
48. Margaret Thatcher撒切尔 ◆ She came into power as Britain‘s first woman Prime Minister in 1979 when her Conservative party won the general election. She advocated the idea of small government and free-market economics. During her term as the Prime Minister, she carried out policies to privatize the nationalized industry and to cut tax rates. As a result, many businesses boomed but unemployment rate increased. She was later replaced by John Major (梅杰)in 1990
49.John Major梅杰 ◆ He is the leader of the Conservative party and is the ex-Prime Minister of the UK.In 1990, he was elected the leader of the Conservative party,replacing Mrs.Thatcher.After he came into power,he has continued to carry out Thatcher's policies but in a milder way
49. John Major梅杰 ◆ He is the leader of the Conservative party and is the ex-Prime Minister of the UK. In 1990, he was elected the leader of the Conservative party, replacing Mrs. Thatcher. After he came into power, he has continued to carry out Thatcher's policies but in a milder way
50.Tony Blair布萊尔 ◆ Leader of the Labor Party (from 1994)and British Prime Minister(1997--)
50. Tony Blair布萊尔 ◆ Leader of the Labor Party (from 1994) and British Prime Minister (1997--)
