云计算与虚拟化技术 第4讲: VMware esXi 阮晓龙 13938213680/n@hactcm edu cn http://cloud.xg.hactcm.edu.cn http://www.51xueweb.cn 河南中医药大学信息管理与信息系统教研室 信息技术学院网络与信思系统科研工作室 2019.3
2 讨论提纲 a VMware ESXi architecture a Understanding the ESXi Hypervisor a Planning a vmware vsphere deployment a Deploying VMware ESXi Installing VMware ESXi Interactively m Performing Post-installation Configuration a Using the vSphere Host Client ■ VSphere Web Client Configuring Time Synchronization Configuring Name Resolution Create a virtual machine 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
3 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.uNderstanding the ESXi Hypervisor o ESXi, as a piece of software, is quite small in comparison to the average size of most software, weighing in at just a few hundred megabytes. The small footprint provides numerous advantages such as reduced attack surface, less code to find bugs shorter deployment times, and multiple deployment methods a While appearing small and simple from the outside esxi is actually a complex system with capabilities that have been refined over many years of vSphere releases 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
4 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components a There are a number of major components that make up vmware's ESXi hypervisor. Let's start with the most important component of any operating system(OS): the kernel; or in this case, the VMkernel. This process is the heart of the ESXi OS and controls the majority of the other components a The vmkernel is responsible for resource management and scheduling, running virtual machines(VMs), and starting the rocesses needed for host management 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
5 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components FIGURE 2.1 ESXi Architecture The VMware EsXi architecture KEmel User Worlds (VMM) hostd FDM Host Device Drivers UL CLL. API 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
6 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components a The virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)is a process that runs inside the vmkernel. It virtualizes quest os instructions and manages guest OS memory a The vMM sends storage and network requests to the VMkernel and passes all other requests to the VMX process. There is a Vmi process for each virtual CPU in every virtual machine 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components a The resource scheduler also sits inside the vmkernel a its job is to take hardware resource requests from the vmm and VMX processes and schedule them on to the underlying physical system a Considering that one esXi physical server could have a large number of virtual machines running on it at any one time the resource scheduler is a critical component a It has direct access to the underlying physical hardware through the storage and network stacks to the host device drivers 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
8 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components a Just like the majority of operating systems, in ESXi, the User World space is for non-kernel processes to execute This allows non-privileged execution of tasks to help ensure the integrity of the OS Only kernel-related tasks can run in the kernel space a ESXi has a number of processes that run in the user World; two of the most important are hostd and VMX 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
9 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components o Each VM that is running on an ESXi host has a single virtua Machine Execution(VMX) helper process running in the User World space The VMX process controls the VM's keyboard, mouse, and screen (KMS); remote console; and some non-critical lyO operations like CD- ROM a This process works in conjunction with the VMM processes to provide each VM's functionality to the administrator 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn
10 1. VMware ESXi Architecture 1.2Examining the ESXi Components o Finally, each ESXi host also has a single process running called hostd Hostd is a proxy service for the VMkernel All graphical and command-line interface( CLI)and application programming interface(AP) calls are routed to the appropriate VMX or kernel process through hostd o These might come from the vSphere Host client, a PowerCLI instruction, or Center Server itself All instructions reach the VMkernel through hostd 河南中医药大学/阮晓龙/13938213680/htp/cloudxg.hactcm.edu.cn/http:/www5ucwebcn