Part I Wastewater Engineering I Wastewater Engineering: An Overview Fig 1-1 Schematic diagram of a wastewater management infrastructure flow Industrial wastes Infiltration Inlet (catch basin) ry weather flow Cso ombined sewer discharge
. •Part I Wastewater Engineering •1 Wastewater Engineering: An Overview Fig. 1-1 Schematic diagram of a wastewater management infrastructure
1-1 Terminology Table 1-1 Terminology commonly used in the field of wastewater engineering 1-2 Impact of Regulations on Wastewater Engineering 1-3 Health and Environmental Concerns in Wastewater Management Fig. 1-2 Covered treatment plant facilities for the control of odor emissions 1-4 Wastewater Characteristics Tab 1-2 Levels of wastewater treatment Tab 1-3 Unit Operations and Processes used to Remove Constituents Found in Wastewater 1-5 Wastewater Treatment Fig 1-3 Facilities used for chemical treatment of odors from treatment facilities Fig. 1-4 UV lamps used for the disinfection of wastewater 1-6 Wastewater Reclamation and reuse 1-7 Biosolids and Residuals Management Fig. 1-5 Egg-shaped digesters used for the anaerobic treatment of biosolids
1-1 Terminology Table 1-1 Terminology commonly used in the field of wastewater engineering 1-2 Impact of Regulations on Wastewater Engineering 1-3 Health and Environmental Concerns in Wastewater Management Fig. 1-2 Covered treatment plant facilities for the control of odor emissions 1-4 Wastewater Characteristics Tab 1-2 Levels of wastewater treatment Tab 1-3 Unit Operations and Processes used to Remove Constituents Found in Wastewater 1-5 Wastewater Treatment Fig 1-3 Facilities used for chemical treatment of odors from treatment facilities Fig. 1-4 UV lamps used for the disinfection of wastewater 1-6 Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse 1-7 Biosolids and Residuals Management Fig. 1-5 Egg-shaped digesters used for the anaerobic treatment of biosolids
2 Constituents in Wastewater An understanding of the nature of wastewater is essential in the design and operation of wastewater collection, treatment, and reuse facilities, and in the engineering management of environmental quality 1)the constituents found in wastewater (2)sampling and analytical procedures (3) physical characteristics (4)inorganic nonmetallic constituents, (5)metallic constituents (6) aggregate organic constituents 7) individual organic constituents and compounds, and (8)biological characteristics
2 Constituents in Wastewater An understanding of the nature of wastewater is essential in the design and operation of wastewater collection, treatment, and reuse facilities, and in the engineering management of environmental quality. (1) the constituents found in wastewater, (2) sampling and analytical procedures, (3) physical characteristics, (4) inorganic nonmetallic constituents, (5) metallic constituents, (6) aggregate organic constituents, (7) individual organic constituents and compounds,and (8) biological characteristics
2-1 Wastewater Constituents Constituents Found in Wastewater Table 2-1 Common analyses used to assess the consti tuents found in wastewater Many of the physical properties and chemical and biological characteristics are interrelated. For example temperature, a physical property, affects both the amounts of gases dissolved in the wastewater and the biological activity in the wastewater
2-1 Wastewater Constituents Constituents Found in Wastewater Table 2-1 Common analyses used to assess the constituents found in wastewater Many of the physical properties and chemical and biological characteristics are interrelated. For example, temperature, a physical property, affects both the amounts of gases dissolved in the wastewater and the biological activity in the wastewater…
Constituents of Concern in Wastewater Treatment Tab 2-2 Principal constituents of concern in wastewater treatment Suspended solids can lead to sludge deposition and anaerobic conditions Biodegradable organics composed of proteins carbohydrates and fats and are measured most commonly in terms of bod and cod Pathogens can transmite Communicable disease Priority pollutants include carcinogenicity, metogenicity teratogenicity or high acute toxicity Nutrients lead to the growth of undesirable aquatic life Refractory organics include surfactants, phenols, and agricultural pesticides
Constituents of Concern in Wastewater Treatment Tab 2-2 Principal constituents of concern in wastewater treatment Suspended solids can lead to sludge deposition and anaerobic conditions; Biodegradable organics composed of proteins; carbohydrates and fats ,and are measured most commonly in terms of BOD and COD; Pathogens can transmite Communicable diseases; Priority pollutants include carcinogenicity, metogenicity, teratogenicity or high acute toxicity; Nutrients lead to the growth of undesirable aquatic life; Refractory organics include surfactants, phenols, and agricultural pesticides
2-2 Sampling and Analytical Procedures Sampling routine operating data for accessing overall plant performance (2) data that can be used to document the performance of a given treatment operation or process (3)data that can be used to implement proposed new programs (4)data needed for reporting regulatory compliance
2-2 Sampling and Analytical Procedures Sampling (1) routine operating data for accessing overall plant performance (2) data that can be used to document the performance of a given treatment operation or process (3) data that can be used to implement proposed new programs (4) data needed for reporting regulatory compliance
The data collected must be Representative (2).Reproducible.The data must be reproducible by others following the same sampling and analytical protocols (3).Defensible. The data must have a known degree of accuracy and precision (4). Useful. The data can be used to meet the objectives of the monitoring plan
The data collected must be: (1). Representative. (2).Reproducible.The data must be reproducible by others following the same sampling and analytical protocols. (3). Defensible. The data must have a known degree of accuracy and precision. (4). Useful. The data can be used to meet the objectives of the monitoring plan
There are no universal procedures for sampling Sampling programs must be tailored individually to fit each situation Quality assurance project plan(QAPP)(known previously quality assurance/quality control, QA/QC) (1).Sampling plan (2).Sample types and size (3).Sample labeling and chain of custody (4). Sampling methods 5).Sampling storage and preservation (6).Sample constituents (7). Analytical methods
There are no universal procedures for sampling. Sampling programs must be tailored individually to fit each situation. Quality assurance project plan (QAPP) (known previously quality assurance/quality control, QA/QC). (1).Sampling plan. (2).Sample types and size. (3).Sample labeling and chain of custody. (4).Sampling methods. (5).Sampling storage and preservation. (6).Sample constituents. (7).Analytical methods
If the physical, chemical, and/or biological integrity of the samples is not maintained during interim periods between sample collection and sample analysis, a carefully performed sampling program will become worthless Prompt analysis is undoubtedly the most positive assurance against error due to sample deterioration Probable errors due to deterioration of the sample should be noted in reporting analytical data
If the physical, chemical, and/or biological integrity of the samples is not maintained during interim periods between sample collection and sample analysis, a carefully performed sampling program will become worthless. Prompt analysis is undoubtedly the most positive assurance against error due to sample deterioration. Probable errors due to deterioration of the sample should be noted in reporting analytical data
Methods ofanalysis The analyses used to characterize wastewater vary from precise quantitative chemical determinations to the more qualitative biological and physical determinations The quantitative methods of analysis are either gravimetric volumetric, or physicochemical Turbidimetry, colorimetry, potentiometry, polarography, adsorption spectrometry, fluorometry, and nuclear radiation are representative of the physicochemical analyses
Methods of Analysis The analyses used to characterize wastewater vary from precise quantitative chemical determinations to the more qualitative biological and physical determinations. The quantitative methods of analysis are either gravimetric, volumetric, or physicochemical. Turbidimetry, colorimetry, potentiometry, polarography, adsorption spectrometry, fluorometry, and nuclear radiation are representative of the physicochemical analyses