496T fm i-xxvi 01/10/06 22: 13 Page xx xx· Contents 17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates 631 18.20 Types of Polarization 708 17.5 Passivity 638 18.21 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric 17.6 Environmental Effects 640 Constant 709 17.7 Forms of Corrosion 640 18.22 Dielectric Strength 711 17.8 Corrosion Environments 648 18.23 Dielectric Materials 711 17.9 Corrosion Prevention 649 OTHER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 17.10 Oxidation 651 MATERIALS 711 CORROSION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS 654 18.24 Ferroelectricity 711 DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 65. 18.25 Piezoelectricity 712 17.11 Swelling and Dissolution 655 Summary 713 17. 12 Bond Rupture 657 Important Terms and Concepts 715 17.13 Weathering 658 References 715 Questions and Problems 716 Design Problems 720 Important Terms and Concepts 660 References 661 Questions and Problems s219. Thermal Properties I Design Problems 644 Learning Objectives W2 19.1 Introduction W2 18. Electrical Properties 665 19.2 Heat Capacity W2 Learning Objectives 666 19.3 Thermal Expansion W4 18.1 Introduction 666 19.4 Thermal Conductivity W7 19.5 Thermal Stresses W12 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION 666 Summary W14 18.2 Ohms Law 666 Important Terms and Concepts W15 18.3 Electrical Conductivity 667 References w15 18.4 Electronic and Ionic Conduction 66 Questions and Problems w15 18.5 Energy Band Structures in Design Problems W17 Solids 668 18.6 Conduction in Terms of Band and 20. Magnetic Properties w19 Atomic Bonding Models 671 18.7 Electron Mobility 673 Learning Objectives W20 18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Metals 674 20.1 Introduction w20 18.9 Electrical Characteristics of Commercial 20.2 Basic Concepts W20 Alloys 67 20.3 Diamagnetism and SEMICONDUCTIVITY 679 Paramagnetism W24 20.4 Ferromagnetism W26 18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction 679 20.5 Antiferromagnetism and 18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction 682 Ferrimagnetism W28 18.12 The Temperature Dependence of Carrier 20.6 The Influence of Temperature on Concentration 686 Magnetic Behavior W32 18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier Mobility 688 20.7 Domains and Hysteresis W33 18.14 The hall Effect 692 20.8 Magnetic Anisotropy W37 18.15 Semiconductor devices 694 0.9 Soft ma ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN IONIC CERAMICS 20.10 Hard Magnetic Materials w41 AND IN POLYMERS 700 20.11 Magnetic Storage W44 18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials 701 onductivity w47 18.17 Electrical Properties of Polymers 701 Summary w50 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR 02 Important Terms and Concepts W52 References W52 18.18 Capacitance 703 Questions and Problems W53 18.19 Field Vectors and Polarization 704 Design Problems w56xx • Contents 17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates 631 17.5 Passivity 638 17.6 Environmental Effects 640 17.7 Forms of Corrosion 640 17.8 Corrosion Environments 648 17.9 Corrosion Prevention 649 17.10 Oxidation 651 CORROSION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS 654 DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 655 17.11 Swelling and Dissolution 655 17.12 Bond Rupture 657 17.13 Weathering 658 Summary 659 Important Terms and Concepts 660 References 661 Questions and Problems 661 Design Problems 644 18. Electrical Properties 665 Learning Objectives 666 18.1 Introduction 666 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION 666 18.2 Ohm’s Law 666 18.3 Electrical Conductivity 667 18.4 Electronic and Ionic Conduction 668 18.5 Energy Band Structures in Solids 668 18.6 Conduction in Terms of Band and Atomic Bonding Models 671 18.7 Electron Mobility 673 18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Metals 674 18.9 Electrical Characteristics of Commercial Alloys 677 SEMICONDUCTIVITY 679 18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction 679 18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction 682 18.12 The Temperature Dependence of Carrier Concentration 686 18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier Mobility 688 18.14 The Hall Effect 692 18.15 Semiconductor Devices 694 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN IONIC CERAMICS AND IN POLYMERS 700 18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials 701 18.17 Electrical Properties of Polymers 701 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR 702 18.18 Capacitance 703 18.19 Field Vectors and Polarization 704 18.20 Types of Polarization 708 18.21 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant 709 18.22 Dielectric Strength 711 18.23 Dielectric Materials 711 OTHER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS 711 18.24 Ferroelectricity 711 18.25 Piezoelectricity 712 Summary 713 Important Terms and Concepts 715 References 715 Questions and Problems 716 Design Problems 720 19. Thermal Properties W1 Learning Objectives W2 19.1 Introduction W2 19.2 Heat Capacity W2 19.3 Thermal Expansion W4 19.4 Thermal Conductivity W7 19.5 Thermal Stresses W12 Summary W14 Important Terms and Concepts W15 References W15 Questions and Problems W15 Design Problems W17 20. Magnetic Properties W19 Learning Objectives W20 20.1 Introduction W20 20.2 Basic Concepts W20 20.3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism W24 20.4 Ferromagnetism W26 20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism W28 20.6 The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior W32 20.7 Domains and Hysteresis W33 20.8 Magnetic Anisotropy W37 20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials W38 20.10 Hard Magnetic Materials W41 20.11 Magnetic Storage W44 20.12 Superconductivity W47 Summary W50 Important Terms and Concepts W52 References W52 Questions and Problems W53 Design Problems W56 1496T_fm_i-xxvi 01/10/06 22:13 Page xx