CAPITVLVM OCTAVUM CAP.VIII poeta-ae [m]poet studium [n]study pomum-i[n]fruit,pome tibi [dative](to)you putaverunt (they)thought tolero-are 1 endure,support puto-are-vi-tum 1.think,believe unde from where quanti how much,of whof value ut as quidem in fact vita-ae [f]life saucius-a-um wounded,smitten vitium-i[n]vice scilicet certainly,of course,one may know virtutum gen.pl.virtus-tutis 3 [f]virtue si if virtue excellence; sic thus volitabat (s/he,it)was flying sicut just as,as if volito-are-vi-tum I solus-a-um only,alone Commentari 1 Sancti igitur,'inquit Stephanaus,'exempla nobis virtutumn et pagani vitiorumt monstrant sancti (pl.) 和pagani(pl.),共用一个动词monastrant(monastrare),Sancti形容词的复数用作名词，nobis nos的与 格，exempla(n.)为两个复数属格名词virtutum,vitiorum修饰。“The saints show us examples ofvirtues,.”sas Stephen."and the pagans show us examples of vices." 2 Sancti nos vitam bonam,pagani malam,docent nos vitam宾语+宾语补足语： 3 Carmina quidem Romana superstitionibus fabulisque deorum sunt plena In fact Roman songs are full of superstitions and stories of the gods;plenus-aum[+abl]filled with:deorum deus的复数属格superitionibus fabulisque abl.superitio-nis第三变格名词， 4 sed nonne poetae deos esse falsos putaverunt?but surely the poets thought the gods to be false? deos esse falsos宾格接不定式。宾语从句中的不定式为联系动词，则表语和主语同格.deos deus的宾格，falsos falsus 的宾格，puto-are-avi,think,.putaverunt过去完成时第3人称复数 5 Lucretius certe in illos non credidit et originem superstitionum sic explicat:Lucretius certainly did not believe in ihem,and he explained the origin of their superstitions thus。illos ille的宾格 Titus Lucretius Carus(ca.99 BC-ca.55 BC)was a Roman poet and philosopher.His only known work is the epic philosophical poem on Epicureanism De rerum natura,translated into English as On the Nature of Things. 6 Formido mortales continet omnes Fear controls all mortals.formido -inis fear,terror;mortalis,-is 3 human 凡人：contineo-ere2 to hold,control, formido mortalis continet omnis, Fear grips all mortal men precisely because quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur, They see so many events on the earth,in the sky. quorum operum causas nulla ratione videre Whose rational causes they cannot discern- possunt ac fieri divino numine rentur. So they suppose it's all the will of the gods. 7 Nunc poetarum opera magni aestimamus et in monasterii bibliotheca servamus Now we value the great works of the poets and we preserve them in the library of the monastery poetarum(属格)opera(宾格)aestimamus (we value)opera magni::opera,operae N(Ist)F work,care;aid;service,effort/trouble;[dare operam =pay attention to];opus,operis N(3rd)N works;magnus-a-um large/great/big/vast/huge;much; powerful;tall/long/broad;extensive/spacious;great 8 fabulas enim sicut allegorias tolerabimus nec damnabimus for we will tolerate the stories as allegories,and not condemn them tolerabimus,damnabimus动词的将来时-biug:we will 9 Nos fortunatos!宾格感叹句seep53.How lacy we are! 10 nunc ergo ad leg-endum So,now we mus1ead.ad+形动词宾格表示目的，详见第九讲 8CAPITVLVM OCTAVUM CAP.VIII 8 poeta-ae [m] poet pomum-i [n] fruit, pome putaverunt (they) thought puto-are-vi-tum 1. think, believe quanti how much, of whof value quidem in fact saucius-a-um wounded, smitten scilicet certainly, of course, one may know si if sic thus sicut just as, as if solus-a-um only, alone studium [n] study tibi [dative] (to) you tolero-are 1 endure, support unde from where ut as vita-ae [f] life vitium-i [n] vice virtutum gen.pl. virtus-tutis 3 [f] virtue virtue excellence; volitabat (s/he, it) was flying volito-are-vi-tum 1 Commentari 1 Sancti igitur,‘ inquit Stephanaus, ‗exempla nobis virtutum et pagani vitiorum monstrant 两个主语 sancti (pl.) 和 pagani(pl.), 共用一个动词 monastrant ( monastrare), Sancti 形容词的复数用作名词, nobis nos 的与 格,exempla(n.) 为两个复数属格名词 virtutum , vitiorum 修饰 。 ―The saints show us examples of virtues,” says Stephen, “and the pagans show us examples of vices.‖ 2 Sancti nos vitam bonam, pagani malam, docent nos vitam 宾语+宾语补足语； 3 Carmina quidem Romana superstitionibus fabulisque deorum sunt plena In fact Roman songs are full of superstitions and stories of the gods; plenus-a um [+abl.] filled with；deorum deus 的复数属格 superitionibus fabulisque abl. superitio –nis 第三变格名词, 4 sed nonne poetae deos esse falsos putaverunt? but surely the poets thought the gods to be false？ deos esse falsos 宾格接不定式。宾语从句中的不定式为联系动词,则表语和主语同格.deos deus 的宾格，falsos falsus 的宾格，puto –are-avi, think, putaverunt 过去完成时第 3 人称复数 5 Lucretius certe in illos non credidit et originem superstitionum sic explicat：Lucretius certainly did not believe in them, and he explained the origin of their superstitions thus。 illos ille 的宾格 Titus Lucretius Carus (ca. 99 BC- ca. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the epic philosophical poem on Epicureanism De rerum natura, translated into English as On the Nature of Things. 6 Formido mortales continet omnes Fear controls all mortals. formido –inis fear, terror; mortalis,-is 3 human 凡人；contineo –ere 2 to hold, control; formido mortalis continet omnis, Fear grips all mortal men precisely because quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur, They see so many events on the earth, in the sky, quorum operum causas nulla ratione videre Whose rational causes they cannot discern - possunt ac fieri divino numine rentur. So they suppose it's all the will of the gods. 7 Nunc poetarum opera magni aestimamus et in monasterii bibliotheca servamus Now we value the great works of the poets and we preserve them in the library of the monastery poetarum(属格 ) opera（宾格）aestimamus （we value） opera magni: 注意：opera, operae N (1st) F work, care; aid; service, effort/trouble; [dare operam => pay attention to]; 或 opus, operis N (3rd) N works; magnus-a-um large/great/big/vast/huge; much; powerful; tall/long/broad; extensive/spacious; great 8 fabulas enim sicut allegorias tolerabimus nec damnabimus for we will tolerate the stories as allegories, and not condemn them tolerabimus , damnabimus 动词的将来时-bimus: we will 9 Nos fortunatos! 宾格感叹句 see p53. How lacy we are! 10 nunc ergo ad leg-endum So, now we must read... ad+形动词宾格 表示目的，详见第九讲