CAPITVLVM OCTAVUM CAP.VIII 11 Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial)(March 1,between 38 and 41 AD-between 102 and 104 AD),was a Latin poet from Hispania(the Iberian Peninsula)best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103,during the reigns of the emperors Domitian,Nerva and Trajan.In these short,witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances,and romanticises his provincial upbringing.He wrote a total of 1,561,of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets.He is considered the creator of the modern epigram. 1 1 opus non Martialis sed Vergilii recitabimus opus为第三变格名词中性，nom.=acc.r recitabimus we will read 12 Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam extulerat lucem referens opera atque labores [VIRGIL,Aeneid xi,182-3] Dawn now raised her nourishing light upon the suffering mortals and renewed their daily grind (9) Aurora nom./extulerat verb./almam lucem acc./(for)miseris mortalibus]dat./(in order to)...... 晨曦Aurora东现extulerat兮， 光lucem被almam众生miseris mortalibus 日兮复旦兮(referens) 辛勤劳作(opera labors) aurora-ae,the dawn,aurum) interea meamwhile,now; miseris miser gen.poor,miserable,wretched,unfortunate mortalibus mortalis-e dat.mortal,transient:human almam almus a um,nourishing extulerat extollo,ere 2 to raise up lucem lux-cis light referens referre的形动词（见I05-6页：现在分词v-ing)enewing refero,referre bring/carry back opera-ae pains,labour. labor-oris labour,toil Publius Vergilius Maro (also known by the Anglicised forms of his name as Virgil or Vergil)(October 15,70 BCE-September 21,19 BCE)was a classical Roman poet,best known for three major works-the Eclogues(or Bucolics),the Georgics,and the Aeneid-although several mino poems are also attributed to him. "Omnia vincit amor Love conquers all (Ecl.10.69) "Arma virumque cano"I sing of arms and a man (Aen.1.1) "Urbs antiqua fuit"There was an ancient city (Aen.1.12) "Facilis descensus Averni"Easy is the descent to Hell(Aen.6.126) "Audentes fortuna iuvat"Fortune favors the bold (Aen.10.284) 13 Ignoscas ignoscas me ignosc.as 3 1 PRES ACTIVE SUB 2 S ignosco,ignoscere,ignovi,ignotus V(3rd)pardon,forgive(with DAT); 14 ades you are here;adesse be here 15 Dolebis certe You will be sorry.doleo-ere hurt:feel/suffer pain:grieve:be afficted/pained 16 et te castigabo I will punish you.castigo-are-avi-atum punish 17 Saucia erat She was wounded.saucius-a-um wounded, 18 Saucia,puto,amore She was wounded.I think,by love:amor-is amore abl. 19 Cecidit scilicet,puer She fell,did she,boy?Scilicet to be sure!(ironically )scirelicet:one may know; 20 Ut poma de arboribus sic virgines de caelo cadunt?Do girls fall from the sky like fruit from trees?Poma pomum 9CAPITVLVM OCTAVUM CAP.VIII 9 11 Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial) (March 1, between 38 and 41 AD - between 102 and 104 AD), was a Latin poet from Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these short, witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets. He is considered the creator of the modern epigram. 11 opus non Martialis sed Vergilii recitabimus opus 为第三变格名词中性，nom.= acc. recitabimus we will read 12 Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam extulerat lucem referens opera atque labores [VIRGIL, Aeneid xi, 182-3] Dawn now raised her nourishing light upon the suffering mortals and renewed their daily grind (见第 9 页) 正常词序 Aurora nom. /extulerat verb. /almam lucem acc./(for) miseris mortalibus] dat./(in order to)…… 晨曦 Aurora 东现 extulerat 兮， 光 lucem 被 almam 众生 miseris mortalibus 日兮复旦兮（referens） 辛勤劳作（opera labors） aurora -ae , the dawn, ( aurum) interea meanwhile, now; miseris miser gen. poor, miserable, wretched, unfortunate mortalibus mortalis-e dat. mortal, transient; human almam almus a um, nourishing extulerat extollo, ere 2 to raise up lucem lux-cis light referens referre 的形动词(见 105-6 页：现在分词 v-ing) renewing refero, referre bring/carry back opera-ae pains , labour; labor-oris labour, toil Publius Vergilius Maro (also known by the Anglicised forms of his name as Virgil or Vergil) (October 15, 70 BCE – September 21, 19 BCE) was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works—the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the Aeneid—although several mino poems are also attributed to him. "Omnia vincit amor " Love conquers all (Ecl.10.69) "Arma virumque cano " I sing of arms and a man (Aen.1.1) "Urbs antiqua fuit" There was an ancient city (Aen.1.12) "Facilis descensus Averni" Easy is the descent to Hell (Aen.6.126) "Audentes fortuna iuvat" Fortune favors the bold (Aen.10.284) 13 Ignoscas ignoscas me 与格 ignosc.as 3 1 PRES ACTIVE SUB 2 S ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotus V (3rd) pardon, forgive (with DAT); 14 ades you are here; adesse be here 15 Dolebis certe You will be sorry. doleo-ere hurt; feel/suffer pain; grieve; be afflicted/pained 16 et te castigabo I will punish you. castigo-are-avi-atum punish 17 Saucia erat She was wounded. saucius-a-um wounded; 18 Saucia, puto, amore She was wounded, I think, by love; amor-is amore abl. 19 Cecidit scilicet, puer She fell, did she, boy? Scilicet to be sure! (ironically ); scirelicet: one may know; 20 Ut poma de arboribus sic virgines de caelo cadunt? Do girls fall from the sky like fruit from trees? Poma pomum