.1622 工程科学学报.第43卷，第12期 a (d)2.0 6 1.5 Oxygen -8 1.0 -10 0.5 ...Current -12 0 -14 -Oxygen background 05 16 0 5 1015 230 25 Time/h 图2电解前后惰性阳极形貌图.(a)电解前CaRuO:(b)电解后CaRuO3:(c)电解后CaRusTi1-O:(d采用CaRuO3惰性阳极的电解过程电流/氧 气随时间变化图四 Fig.2 Morphology images of inert anodes before and after electrolysis:(a)CaRuO,before electrolysis,(b)CaRuO,after electrolysis,(c)CaRu,Ti_O; after electrolysis,(d)current/oxygen-time profile for electrolysis using a CaRuO anode (a) FlmⅢ Film II Film I Substrate TiB, 100 pm a 0 (b) VTiB: (c) ●TiO, CaTiO, △TiBO) Substrate TiB, ▲CaTiO3 ★CaCl2 TiO: Ca Substrate TiB, ◆Ti(BO,) Substrate TiB, 。0月 Substrate TiB, 20 40 40 80 2) 图3(a)1O0h电解后TiB2惰性阳极横截面EPMA(Electron--probe micro analysis)结果：(b)膜I、II和IⅢI的XRD测试：(c)TiB2阳极钝化膜形成 机理6 Fig.3 (a)Electro-probe micro analysis of TiBz anode cross section after 100 h of electrolysis;(b)XRD tests of films I,II,and IIl;(c)formation mechanism of the TiB,anode passivation(a) (b) (c) (d) 2.0 1.5 1.0 Current/A 0.5 lgPO2 0 −0.5 −6 −8 −10 −12 −14 −16 0 5 10 15 Time/h 20 25 Oxygen Current Oxygen background 图 2    电解前后惰性阳极形貌图. (a) 电解前 CaRuO3；(b) 电解后 CaRuO3；(c) 电解后 CaRuxTi1–xO3；(d) 采用 CaRuO3 惰性阳极的电解过程电流/氧 气随时间变化图[42] Fig.2    Morphology images of inert anodes before and after electrolysis: (a) CaRuO3 before electrolysis; (b) CaRuO3 after electrolysis; (c) CaRuxTi1–xO3 after electrolysis; (d) current/oxygen–time profile for electrolysis using a CaRuO3 anode[42] (a) (b) (c) Intensity/(a.u.) FilmⅢ FilmⅡ FilmⅠ Substrate TiB2 Ti B Ca CaTiO3 TiO2 Ti(BO3 ) [O2−] [O2 ] [Ca2+] Substrate TiB2 Substrate TiB2 Substrate TiB2 Substrate TiB2 100 μm O III II I TiB2 TiO2 Ti(BO3 ) CaTiO3 CaCl2 20 40 2θ/(°) 40 80 图 3    (a)100 h 电解后 TiB2 惰性阳极横截面 EPMA （Electron–probe micro analysis）结果；(b) 膜 I、II 和 III 的 XRD 测试；(c)TiB2 阳极钝化膜形成 机理[46] Fig.3     (a)  Electro –probe  micro  analysis  of  TiB2 anode  cross  section  after  100  h  of  electrolysis;  (b)  XRD  tests  of  films  I,  II,  and  III;  (c)  formation mechanism of the TiB2 anode passivation film[46] · 1622 · 工程科学学报，第 43 卷，第 12 期