Yan Fu: Evolution and Ethics and otheressays by TH. Huxley(《天演论》); n inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth/ Nations by a. Smithe(《原富》) 2.2 Translation in Contemporary China Translation activity has taken on a new look ever since the May 4th Movement, the starting point of the new democratic revolution in China. For the sake of a concise discussion, we may divide the contemporary era into two period 2.2.1 Translation in China between 1919-1949 Literary Translation was equally noteworthy during this period, which made a significant contribution to the introduction of foreign literature and the development of Chinese literature Classical Chinese in translation was gradually replaced by a more simplified and easily- understood vernacular [va'naekjula]本地话,方言 Chinese baihe(白话), Hence a linguistic progress. In terms of the quality and quantity of literary translation, both improved greatly due to the unremitting efforts of many eminent translators including Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai Maodun and Lin Yutang, who not only devoted to translation practice but also advanced their own theory about such heated topics as translation criteria, literal or free translation, etc 2.2.2 Translation in Present-day China Translation in China has stepped into a new era since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. National and regional organizations for translators were established and a large quantity of scientific and technical works was translated into Chinese to meet the demands of national social and economic construction. Meanwhile, the quality and quantity of translations from Chinese into foreign languages acquired With the conclusion of the so-called"Great Cultural Revolution"and Chinas adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up, there were renewed EWf efforts in the field of translation studies and practice. Never before has so much been translated by and for so many, be it of a literary, cultural, scientific, economic or technological nature In the last few decades. a number of scholars in China introduced various translation principles in view of new discoveries in such branches as semiotics, social-linguistics intercultural communication, etc. Accordingly, translation theories have witnessed dramatic changes in many areas like notions of equivalence, faithfulness, contexts, cultural interaction and conflicts Looking back on the history of translation in China, we find that, on one hand, the long history of translation is wor ng pride in; on the other hand, it is hard to find a systematic translation theory to guide translation practice although there do exist some prescriptive explaI ons on now ranslate. By comparing the situation with Western studies in this field, we7 Yan Fu：Evolution and Ethics and other essays by T.H. Huxley (《天演论》)；An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations by A. Smith(《原富》). 2.2 Translation Translation Translation Translation in Contemporary Contemporary Contemporary Contemporary China Translation activity has taken on a new look ever since the May 4th Movement, the starting point of the new democratic revolution in China. For the sake of a concise discussion, we may divide the contemporary era into two periods. 2.2.1 Translation Translation Translation Translation in China between between between between 1919-1949 1919-1949 1919-1949 1919-1949 Literary Translation was equally noteworthy during this period, which made a significant contribution to the introduction of foreign literature and the development of Chinese literature. Classical Chinese in translation was gradually replaced by a more simplified and easily-understood vernacular [və'nækjulə] 本 地 话 , 方 言 Chinese baihua,( 白 话 ) ， Hence a linguistic progress. In terms of the quality and quantity of literary translation, both improved greatly due to the unremitting efforts of many eminent translators including Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai, Maodun and Lin Yutang, who not only devoted to translation practice but also advanced their own theory about such heated topics as translation criteria, literal or free translation, etc. 2.2.2 Translation Translation Translation Translation in Present-day Present-day Present-day Present-day China Translation in China has stepped into a new era since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. National and regional organizations for translators were established and a large quantity of scientific and technical works was translated into Chinese to meet the demands of national social and economic construction. Meanwhile, the quality and quantity of translations from Chinese into foreign languages acquired encouraging achievements. With the conclusion of the so-called “Great Cultural Revolution” and China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up, there were renewed 更 新 efforts in the field of translation studies and practice. Never before has so much been translated by and for so many, be it of a literary, cultural, scientific, economic or technological nature. In the last few decades, a number of scholars in China introduced various translation principles in view of new discoveries in such branches as semiotics, social-linguistics, intercultural communication, etc. Accordingly, translation theories have witnessed dramatic changes in many areas like notions of equivalence, faithfulness, contexts, cultural interaction and conflicts. Looking back on the history of translation in China, we find that, on one hand, the long history of translation is worth taking pride in; on the other hand, it is hard to find a systematic translation theory to guide translation practice although there do exist some prescriptive explanations on how to translate. By comparing the situation with Western studies in this field, we